Kubernetes部署
概述
本文用于指导Kubernetes（以下简称为k8s）部署，采用的是较为简单便捷的kubeadmin工具进行安装，版本为1.19.0
一直以来都在说k8s，但是在网上看到好多教程都是比较杂，跟着做总是会缺失一些文件或者因为GFW下载不到某些镜像，导致安装一直失败，最近重新整理了下，将自己的k8s部署过程进行记录并分享，希望可以给到正在部署k8s的童鞋们一点参考
部署环境
服务器信息
| 主机名 | IP | 硬件配置 | 操作系统 |
|---|---|---|---|
| k8s-master | 172.18.1.60 | 4C/4G | centos7.5 |
| k8s-node1 | 172.18.1.61 | 4C/4G | centos7.5 |
| k8s-node2 | 172.18.1.62 | 4C/4G | centos7.5 |
基础配置
集群中的三台服务器均需要进行配置
关闭防火墙
为了便于集群搭建，实验环境下关闭了防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
iptables -F
关闭SElinux
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
禁用swap
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
mount -a
配置hosts列表
cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
172.18.1.60 k8s-master
172.18.1.61 k8s-node1
172.18.1.62 k8s-node2
EOF
配置桥接流量转发
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
配置时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
安装docker服务
注意，这里使用的是k8s版本为1.19.0，支持的docker版本为19.03.0，所以要安装指定的docker版本，不然后续可能会报错
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.0
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
配置docker镜像仓库加速
mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://t48ldfx1.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
配置k8s源仓库
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
以上配置需要在k8s的集群中进行基础配置
k8s master配置
部署kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
这里采用的是k8s 1.19.0的版本，其他版本未测试，理论上部署应该是一样的，但是支持的docker版本可能会存在差异，建议查下版本支持的docker对应版本
yum install -y kubelet-1.19.0 kubeadm-1.19.0 kubectl-1.19.0
systemctl enable kubelet
部署Kubernetes Master
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.18.1.60 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.19.0 \
--service-cidr=11.62.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=11.55.0.0/16
参数说明
-–apiserver-advertise-address：集群通告地址
-–image-repository：由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址
-–kubernetes-version： K8s版本，与上面安装的一致
-–service-cidr ：集群内部虚拟网络，Pod统一访问入口
-–pod-network-cidr Pod：网络，需要与接下来部署的CNI网络组件yaml中保持一致
在执行该命令过程中，可能会存在网络故障导致超时报错，此时只要重新运行即可
在此过程中，通过docker images 命令，可以查看到下载的镜像文件
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.19.0 bc9c328f379c 16 months ago 118MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.19.0 1b74e93ece2f 16 months ago 119MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.19.0 09d665d529d0 16 months ago 111MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.19.0 cbdc8369d8b1 16 months ago 45.7MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.9-1 d4ca8726196c 18 months ago 253MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.7.0 bfe3a36ebd25 18 months ago 45.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 22 months ago 683kB
安装成功的话，可以看到类似以下的输出内容
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 172.18.1.60:6443 --token qdgxzt.gs2ickopckav5hz1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eb1a33df519a2b61ed906a4b5bee7021567c91524cfe08ba6ecc5b97202fecc6
以上内容提示了如何连接到k8s集群，以及节点服务器如何添加到集群
建立k8s管理用户
useradd kadmin
配置k8s用户连接
mkdir -p /home/kadmin/.kube
cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /home/kadmin/.kube/config
chown kadmin:kadmin -R /home/kadmin/.kube
验证配置
使用kadmin用户，执行kubectl get ns
su - kadmin
$ kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 8m51s
kube-node-lease Active 8m54s
kube-public Active 8m54s
kube-system Active 8m55s
可以看到k8s的4个默认的空间
k8s node配置
官方参考文档：
https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/#config-file
部署kubelet、kubeadmin
这里采用的是k8s 19.0的版本，其他版本未测试，理论上部署应该是一样的
yum install -y kubelet-1.19.0 kubeadm-1.19.0
systemctl enable kubelet
加入k8s集群
根据k8s完成后的提示，使用token方式加入到现有的k8s集群
当token过期后，可以用以下方式进行重新生成
官方参考：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
执行kubeadm join命令
kubeadm join 172.18.1.60:6443 --token qdgxzt.gs2ickopckav5hz1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eb1a33df519a2b61ed906a4b5bee7021567c91524cfe08ba6ecc5b97202fecc6
等待加入动作完成，完成后提示以下该信息
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
配置k8s集群网络
这里采用的是Calico，项目介绍 https://docs.projectcalico.org/getting-started/kubernetes/quickstart
curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -o /tmp/calico.yaml
取消注释 CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR，并将其值设置为 k8s 的pod-network-cidr的值
在k8s-master中应用该配置文件
kubectl apply -f /tmp/calico.yaml
输出
$ kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created
部署k8s控制台
获取配置文件
获取k8s dashboard建议的配置文件
官方配置文件链接（需科学上网）：
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
我使用的是根据官方配置文件进行修改而来的，默认是将dashboard的访问端口映射到节点服务器的30001端口，如果需要修改为其他端口，则修改nodePort的值即可
配置文件地址：https://gitee.com/xiaojinran/k8s/blob/master/k8s-dashboard/dashboard.yaml
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
应用dashboard的配置文件
curl -ls https://gitee.com/xiaojinran/k8s/raw/master/k8s-dashboard/dashboard.yaml -o /tmp/k8s-dashboard.yaml
kubectl apply -f /tmp/k8s-dashboard.yaml
结果输出
$ curl https://gitee.com/xiaojinran/k8s/blob/master/k8s-dashboard/dashboard.yaml -o /tmp/k8s-dashboard.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f /tmp/k8s0dashboard.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
配置登录token
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
登录k8s控制台
概览信息
集群节点信息
验证k8s集群
创建nginx测试服务
使用控制台，我们来部署一个简单的nginx服务
点击控制台的
选择从表单进行创建
填写应用部署名称，容器镜像，pods个数以及暴露容器内部的80端口到集群（内网IP）的80，点击Deploy，进行部署
稍等一下，就可以看到应用部署情况
查看映射端口号
访问ngix服务
通过访问集群中的节点IP，以及端口号31953，可以访问到nginx服务
总结
以上为使用kubeadm安装部署的k8s集群，方法简单易行，不用过多的配置即可完成k8s集群的搭建，目前k8s的1.19、1.20版本均可按照以上流程进行部署，各位读者在部署过程中如果有其他问题，欢迎随时留言讨论。
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