概念理解、搭建过程、代码示例、流程示意图
简单介绍
1.FastDFS是一个开源的轻量级分布式文件系统,由跟踪服务器(tracker server)、存储服务器(storage server)和客户端(client)三个部分组成,主要解决了海量数据存储问题,特别适合以中小文件(建议范围:4KB < file_size <500MB)为载体的在线服务。
2.主要有Tracker(管理) 和Storage (储存)。
3.返回路径= 组名 /虚拟盘符{M00/00/02} /文件名。
4.为了支持大容量,存储节点(服务器)采用了分卷(或分组)的组织方式。存储系统由一个或多个卷组成,卷与卷之间的文件是相互独立的,所有卷的文件容量累加就是整个存储系统中的文件容量。一个卷可以由一台或多台存储服务器组成,一个卷下的存储服务器中的文件都是相同的,卷中的多台存储服务器起到了冗余备份和负载均衡的作用。
Linux搭建FastDFS文件服务器
内容较为繁琐
注意:所有软件的安装主机都是192.168.0.146,我只安装了一台虚拟机
1.软件包
新建目录 并进入
mkdir -p /root/fastdfs
cd /root/fastdfs
下载安装包
wget https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/archive/V1.0.7.tar.gz
wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/fastdfs/FastDFS%20Nginx%20Module%20Source%20Code/fastdfs-nginx-module_v1.16.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs/archive/V5.05.tar.gz
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
2.安装gcc
检查系统是否有安装GCC
gcc –v
安装GCC
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf pcre pcre-devel make automake
yum -y install wget httpd-tools vim
3.安装libfastcommon
进入libfastcommon-1.0.7的下载位置
cd /root/fastdfs
解压libfastcommon-1.0.7
tar -zxvf V1.0.7.tar.gz
解压libfastcommon-1.0.7后进入 文件夹libfastcommon-1.0.7
cd /root/fastdfs/libfastcommon-1.0.7
进入解压的libfastcommon-1.0.7目录后编译
./make.sh
此时libfastcommon的安装路径 /root/fastdfs/libfastcommon-1.0.7
安装
./make.sh install
最后,将/libfastcommon-1.0.7/src下的libfastcommon.so文件到usr/lib下 ,请按照自己的实际文件路径修改被复制路径
cp /root/fastdfs/libfastcommon-1.0.7/src/libfastcommon.so /usr/lib
4.安装FastDFS
进入FastDFS_v5.05.tar.gz的下载位置
cd /root/fastdfs
解压FastDFS_v5.05.tar.gz
tar -zxvf V5.05.tar.gz
进入解压后的文件fastdfs-5.05
cd fastdfs-5.05/
编译
./make.sh
安装
./make.sh install
此时fastdfs-5.05的安装路径 /root/fastdfs/fastdfs-5.05
安装成功后将目录conf内的文件拷贝到/etc/fdfs目录下:(注意/root/fastdfs/fastdfs-5.05 是我的安装路径,你要写自己的)
cp /root/fastdfs/fastdfs-5.05/conf/* /etc/fdfs/
5.安装tracker
进入/etc/fdfs目录,修改tracker.conf文件。如果不存在,就拷贝tracker.conf.sample文件为tracker.conf,然后再修改:
base_path=/home/yuqing/fastdfs >>> base_path=/home/logs/fastdfs (注解:日志文件)
http.server_port=8080 >>> http.server_port=80 (注解:端口,80是方便默认)
store_group=group1 (注解:组名)
其中,/home/logs/fastdfs目录如果不存在,就创建一个。
之后,就启动tracker,并查看是启动成功(出现如下提示,表示启动成功):restart重启
fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf start
查看是否启动成功
netstat -unltp | grep tracker
6.安装storage
由于storage和tracker运行的都是fastDFS程序,每一台服务器都部署一台fasfDFS,一台服务器是tracker,一台是storage
修改storage.conf文件。如果不存在,就拷贝storage.conf.sample文件为storage.conf,然后再修改:
base_path=/home/yuqing/fastdfs >>> base_path=/home/logs/storage (日志路径)
store_path0=/home/yuqing/fastdfs >>> store_path0=/home/data/storage (实际储存文件路径,可以配置多个)
tracker_server=192.168.209.121:22122 >>> tracker_server=192.168.0.146:22122 (连接tracker服务器地址)
group_name=group1 (必须和tracker的组名相同)
http.server_port=80 (这个端口也要改)
其中,如果/home/logs/storage和/home/data/storage不存在,就创建该目录
然后,就启动storage,并查看是否成功(出现如下提示,表示启动成功):
fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf start
查看是否启动成功
netstat -unltp | grep storage
最后,查看tracker和storage是不是在通信:
fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/storage.conf
如下提示,出现ACTIVE,表示二者均正常启动,至此就可以进行上传文件测试了。
7.测试文件上传
Tracker和storage都已经安装完成,使用命令测试文件上传:
FastDFS提供一个文件上传命令:usr/bin/fdfs_test 测试文件上传。测试上传需要连接tracker服务器,连接storage服务器。因此需要指定一个配置文件:client.conf配置文件,通过Client.conf连接tracker服务器。
修改/etc/fdfs下client.conf
base_path=/home/logs/client (日志目录)
tracker_server=192.168.0.146:22122 (tracker端口)
测试开始
新建目录
mkdir -p /home/logs/client
进入临时文件夹
cd /tmp
新建cs.txt文件 (类型不重要,不一定是图片)
echo ceshi>cs.txt
测试(测试一次就可以)
/usr/bin/fdfs_test /etc/fdfs/client.conf upload cs.txt
出现example file url: http://192.168.0.146/group1/M00/00/00/wKgAkl-H7suAUW2wAAAABmkPdf0609.txt 等字样表示成功
测试成功可以安装nginx
8.安装Nginx
安装Nginx所需的其他环境,gcc在上面装过了。本人安装没走这一步
#gcc安装
yum install gcc-c++
#PCRE pcre-devel 安装
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
#zlib 安装
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
#OpenSSL 安装
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
安装Nginx
解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
进入解压目录
cd nginx-1.16.1/
配置
./configure
编译
make
安装
make install
9.安装fastdfs-nginx-module
首先解压fastdfs-nginx-module_v1.16.tar.gz,修改/fastdfs-nginx-module/src/config文件。去掉所有的local(三个)
拷贝usr/lib64目录下库文件libfdfsclient.so
cp /usr/lib64/libfdfsclient.so /usr/lib
在nginx安装目录下执行如下命令:把module添加nginx中。通过设置安装参数方式添加模块。
cd /root/fastdfs/nginx-1.16.1
./configure --add-module = ../fastdfs-nginx-module/src
重新安装编译
make && make install
查看Nginx的模块
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
复制 fastdfs-nginx-module 源码中的配置文件到/etc/fdfs 目录, 并修改
cd fastdfs-nginx-module/src
cp mod_fastdfs.conf /etc/fdfs/
进入/etc/fdfs/修改mod_fastdfs.conf如下配置,其他默认
#连接超时时间
connect_timeout=10
#Tracker Server
tracker_server=192.168.0.146:22122
#StorageServer 默认端口
storage_server_port=23000
#如果文件ID的uri中包含/group**,则要设置为true
url_have_group_name = true
#Storage 配置的store_path0路径,必须和storage.conf中的一致
store_path0=/home/data/storage
#the base path to store log files
base_path=/home/logs/storage
配置iNginx ,进入/usr/local/nginx/conf目录下修改nginx.conf
注意:无论你在哪解压安装的。必须进这个目录/usr/local/nginx/conf下修改nginx.conf
vi nginx.conf
修改配置,其它的默认
在80端口下添加fastdfs-nginx模块
location ~/group([0-9])/M00 {
ngx_fastdfs_module;
}
注意下面#user nobody;改成 #user root;
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.2.231;
location ~/group([0-9])/M00 {
ngx_fastdfs_module;
}
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one #
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
注意:
listen 80 端口值是要与 /etc/fdfs/storage.conf 中的 http.server_port=80 (前面改成80了)相对应。如果改成其它端口,则需要统一,同时在防火墙中打开该端口。
location 的配置,如果有多个group则配置location ~/group([0-9])/M00 ,没有则不用配group。
在文件存储目录下创建软连接,将其链接到实际存放数据的目录,注意这个文件存储的位置后面多个data目录是系统自动生成的
ln -s /home/data/storage/data /home/data/storage/data/M00
启动nginx ()
直接启动
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
设置开机启动
vim /etc/rc.local/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
设置执行权限
chmod 755 rc.local
查看Nginx是否启动
ps -ef | grep nginx
OK记得云服务的安全组 和防火墙设置需要方通 80、22122、 23000
查看防火墙状态
firewall-cmd --state
如果没开启的话开启防火墙
systemctl start firewalld
#nginx
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp
# tracker
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=22122/tcp
#storage
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=23000/tcp
#未来的java程序
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=9000/tcp
已经搭建完成
在浏览器地址栏输入
http://192.168.0.146/group1/M00/00/00/wKgAkl-H7suAUW2wAAAABmkPdf0609.txt
浏览器展示出我们当时新建文件时输入的内容
后端springboot代码
核心代码在service
1.数据库
Sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `file`;
CREATE TABLE `file` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`file_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`group_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`file_path` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 8 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
2.Pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.luhuiguo</groupId>
<artifactId>fastdfs-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.2.0</version>
</dependency>
3.application.yml
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: root
application:
name: file
http:
multipart:
max-file-size: 10000000
server:
port: 9000
fdfs:
# 连接Tracker服务器超时时间
connect-timeout: 10000
# storage服务器响应的超时时间
so-timeout: 3000
# trakcer服务器的数量
tracker-list:
- 192.168.0.146:22122
mybatis:
configuration:
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
type-aliases-package: com.wx.fastdfs.model
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
4.Model
File
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class File implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String fileName;
private String groupName;
private String filePath;
}
5.mapper
FileMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wx.fastdfs.dao.FileDao">
<insert id="addFile" parameterType="com.wx.fastdfs.model.File" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into file(file_name,group_name,file_path)
values (#{fileName},#{groupName},#{filePath})
</insert>
<select id="getFileById" resultType="com.wx.fastdfs.model.File" parameterType="java.lang.Integer">
select * from file where id =#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
6.dao
FileDao
import com.wx.fastdfs.model.File;
public interface FileDao {
Integer addFile(File build);
File getFileById(Integer id);
}
7.controller
FileController
import com.wx.fastdfs.service.FileService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {
@Autowired
FileService fileService;
//上传文件返回id
@PostMapping("/myUpload")
public Integer upload(MultipartFile myFile) throws IOException {
return fileService.upload(myFile);
}
//根据图片id(mysql中的id)
@GetMapping("/fdownload/{id}")
public void download(@PathVariable Integer id, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
fileService.download(id,response);
}
}
8.service
FileService
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public interface FileService {
Integer upload(MultipartFile myFile) throws IOException;
void download(Integer id, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException;
}
9.Impl
FileServiceImpl
import com.luhuiguo.fastdfs.domain.StorePath;
import com.luhuiguo.fastdfs.service.FastFileStorageClient;
import com.wx.fastdfs.dao.FileDao;
import com.wx.fastdfs.model.File;
import com.wx.fastdfs.service.FileService;
import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
@Service
public class FileServiceImpl implements FileService {
@Autowired
private FileDao fileDao;
@Autowired
private FastFileStorageClient storageClient;
@Override
public Integer upload(MultipartFile myFile) throws IOException {
//1.获取扩展名
String extension = FilenameUtils.getExtension(myFile.getOriginalFilename());
//2.上传文件(上传到group1)
StorePath uploadFile = storageClient.uploadFile("group1", myFile.getInputStream(), myFile.getSize(), extension);
//3.将上传文件的信息保存到mysql中,并返回自增id
File build = File.builder().fileName(myFile.getOriginalFilename()).filePath(uploadFile.getPath()).groupName(uploadFile.getGroup()).build();
fileDao.addFile(build);
return build.getId();
}
@Override
public void download(Integer id, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//1.去数据库查询文件信息(文件名、在fastdfs中的位置)
File file=fileDao.getFileById(id);
//2.解决中文文件名下载后乱码的问题
String filename = URLEncoder.encode(file.getFileName(), "utf-8");
//3.告诉浏览器 下载的文件名
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + filename + "");
//4.将文件内容从fastdfs的输出到浏览器
byte[] downloadFile = storageClient.downloadFile(file.getGroupName(), file.getFilePath());
response.getOutputStream().write(downloadFile);
}
}
前端代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
上传的方式是post
enctype的格式必须是:multipart/form-data
-->
<form action="http://localhost:9000/file/myUpload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
文件:<input type="file" name="myFile">
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
<img src="http://localhost:9000/file/fdownload/1" alt="">
<img src="http://localhost:9000/file/fdownload/7" alt="">
<a href="http://localhost:9000/file/fdownload/7">下载</a>
</body>
</html>
上传过程
参考:
https://www.cnblogs.com/zeussbook/p/10757699.html fastdfs搭建 (1)更换nginx版本1.16.1 (2)有一些文件目录 如/home/data/client需要新建
https://www.cnblogs.com/zeussbook/p/10191051.html 关闭防火墙
https://blog.csdn.net/wufewu/article/details/84801600 代码