声明式服务调用：Spring Cloud Feign

说明：此次任务主要是通过Spring Cloud Feign提供的声明式服务绑定功能来实现对该服务接口的调用。

1. 创建一个Spring Boot基础工程，命名为feign-consumer,并在pom.xml中引入spring-cloud-starter-eureka和spring-cloud-starter-feign依赖。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ml</groupId>
    <artifactId>feign-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>feign-consumer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2. 创建应用主类FeignConsumerApplication,并通过@EnableFeignClients注解开启Spring Cloud Feign的支持功能。

@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3. 定义HelloService接口，通过@FeignClient注解指定服务名来绑定服务，然后再使用Spring MVC的注解来绑定具体该服务提供的REST接口。

@FeignClient("hello-server")
public interface HelloService {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    String hello();
}

4. 创建一个ConsumerController来实现对Feign客户端的调用。在helloConsumer函数中调用这个绑定了hello-service服务接口的客户端来向该服务发起/hello接口的调用。

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/feign-consumer", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String helloConsumer() {
        logger.info("进来了");
        return helloService.hello();
    }
}

5. application.properties中需填写以下几行代码

spring.application.name=feign-consumer
server.port=9001
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
#ribbon.eureka.enabled=true