pytest测试框架使用基础06 fixture——parametrize

xiaoli_panpan

已于 2024-03-07 11:17:16 修改

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分类专栏：接口自动化测试文章标签： pytest 服务器运维

于 2024-03-07 11:16:22 首次发布

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@pytest.mark.parametrize 允许在测试函数或类中定义多组参数和 fixtures。
参数化场景：
只有测试数据和预期结果不一样，但操作步骤是一样的测试用例是可以用上参数化的。
创建test_cases02.py文件
示例一：未参数化
1.脚本代码：

# 未作参数化示例
import pytest


def test_case01():
    assert 3 + 4 == 9


def test_case02():
    assert 6 + 1 == 7


def test_case03():
    assert 3 * 4 == 15


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', '-v', '-k' 'test_cases02'])

可以看到，三个用例都是先计算，然后断言某个值，重复写三个类似的用例有些冗余。
2.运行结果：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 3 items

test_cases02.py::test_case01 FAILED                                      [ 33%]
test_cases02.py:4 (test_case01)
7 != 9

Expected :9
Actual   :7
<Click to see difference>

def test_case01():
>       assert 3 + 4 == 9
E       assert (3 + 4) == 9

test_cases02.py:6: AssertionError

test_cases02.py::test_case02 PASSED                                      [ 66%]
test_cases02.py::test_case03 FAILED                                      [100%]
test_cases02.py:12 (test_case03)
12 != 15

Expected :15
Actual   :12
<Click to see difference>

def test_case03():
>       assert 3 * 4 == 15
E       assert (3 * 4) == 15

test_cases02.py:14: AssertionError


========================= 2 failed, 1 passed in 0.14s =========================

Process finished with exit code 1

示例二：参数化（优化代码）
脚本代码：

# 参数化（优化代码）
import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input, expected", [("3+4", 6), ("2+5", 7), ("6*9", 48)])
def test_case01(test_input, expected):
    print(f"测试数据{test_input},预期结果{expected}")
    assert eval(test_input) == expected

2、运行结果：
可以看到，只有一条用例，但是利用参数化输入三组不同的测试数据和预期结果，最终执行的测试用例数还是3条，可以节省很多代码。

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 3 items

test_cases02.py::test_case01[3+4-6] 
test_cases02.py::test_case01[2+5-7] 
test_cases02.py::test_case01[6*9-48] 

========================= 2 failed, 1 passed in 0.12s =========================
FAILED                               [ 33%]测试数据3+4,预期结果6

test_cases02.py:4 (test_case01[3+4-6])
7 != 6

Expected :6
Actual   :7
<Click to see difference>

test_input = '3+4', expected = 6

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input, expected", [("3+4", 6), ("2+5", 7), ("6*9", 48)])
    def test_case01(test_input, expected):
        print(f"测试数据{test_input},预期结果{expected}")
>       assert eval(test_input) == expected
E       AssertionError: assert 7 == 6
E        +  where 7 = eval('3+4')

test_cases02.py:8: AssertionError
PASSED                               [ 66%]测试数据2+5,预期结果7
FAILED                              [100%]测试数据6*9,预期结果48

test_cases02.py:4 (test_case01[6*9-48])
54 != 48

Expected :48
Actual   :54
<Click to see difference>

test_input = '6*9', expected = 48

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input, expected", [("3+4", 6), ("2+5", 7), ("6*9", 48)])
    def test_case01(test_input, expected):
        print(f"测试数据{test_input},预期结果{expected}")
>       assert eval(test_input) == expected
E       AssertionError: assert 54 == 48
E        +  where 54 = eval('6*9')

test_cases02.py:8: AssertionError

Process finished with exit code 1

1、参数

def parametrize(self, argnames, argvalues, indirect=False, ids=None, scope=None):

主要参数：
1）argnames：参数名，是个字符串，如中间用逗号分隔则表示为多个参数名。
创建test_cases03.py文件
参数名也可以是list或者tuple里的字符串。
脚本代码：

import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize(["name", "pwd"], [("AllTests", "123456"), ("qq", "85135506")])
def test_case1(name, pwd):
    print(name, pwd)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(("name", "pwd"), [("wangmcn", "567890"), ("admin", "123qwe")])
def test_case3(name, pwd):
    print(name, pwd)


@pytest.mark.parametrize("name, pwd", [("root", "root"), ("guest", "guest")])
def test_case3(name, pwd):
    print(name, pwd)

运行结果：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 4 items

test_cases03.py::test_case1[AllTests-123456] PASSED                      [ 25%]AllTests 123456

test_cases03.py::test_case1[qq-85135506] PASSED                          [ 50%]qq 85135506

test_cases03.py::test_case3[root-root] PASSED                            [ 75%]root root

test_cases03.py::test_case3[guest-guest] PASSED                          [100%]guest guest


============================== 4 passed in 0.05s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

2）argvalues：参数值，参数组成的列表，列表中有几个元素，就会生成几条用例。
创建 test_cases04.py 文件
脚本代码：

import pytest


# 如果只有一个参数，里面则是值的列表
@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["AllTests", "wangmcn", "admin"])
def test_case01(name):
    print(name)


# 如果有多个参数，list包含tuple
@pytest.mark.parametrize(["name", "pwd"], [("AllTests", "123456"), ("qq", "45646144")])
def test_case02(name, pwd):
    print(name, pwd)


# 如果有多个参数，tuple包含list
@pytest.mark.parametrize(("name", "pwd"), (["AllTests", "123456"], ["qq", "45646144"]))
def test_case03(name, pwd):
    print(name, pwd)


# 如果有多个参数，list包含list
@pytest.mark.parametrize(["name", "pwd"], [["AllTests", "123456"], ["qq", "45646144"]])
def test_case03(name, pwd):
    print(name, pwd)

运行结果：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 7 items
test_cases04.py::test_case01[AllTests] PASSED                            [ 14%]AllTests
test_cases04.py::test_case01[wangmcn] PASSED                             [ 28%]wangmcn
test_cases04.py::test_case01[admin] PASSED                               [ 42%]admin
test_cases04.py::test_case02[AllTests-123456] PASSED                     [ 57%]AllTests 123456
test_cases04.py::test_case02[qq-45646144] PASSED                         [ 71%]qq 45646144
test_cases04.py::test_case03[AllTests-123456] PASSED                     [ 85%]AllTests 123456
test_cases04.py::test_case03[qq-45646144] PASSED                         [100%]qq 45646144
============================== 7 passed in 0.05s ==============================
Process finished with exit code 0

3）ids：用例的ID。传一个字符串列表，可以标识每一个测试用例，自定义测试数据结果的显示，为了增加可读性。
注：ids的长度需要与测试数据列表的长度一致。
创建test_cases05.py文件
脚本代码：

import pytest

my_data = [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 9)]

ids = ["a:{} + b:{} = expect:{}".format(a, b, expect) for a, b, expect in my_data]


@pytest.mark.parametrize("a, b, expect", my_data, ids=ids)
def test_parametrize_case(a, b, expect):
    print("测试数据为{}-{}".format(a, b))
    assert a + b == expect

运行结果：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_cases05.py::test_parametrize_case[a:1 + b:2 = expect:3] PASSED      [ 50%]测试数据为1-2

test_cases05.py::test_parametrize_case[a:4 + b:5 = expect:9] PASSED      [100%]测试数据为4-5


============================== 2 passed in 0.03s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

2、装饰测试类

创建test_cases06.py文件
脚本代码：

import pytest

my_data = [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 9)]


@pytest.mark.parametrize("a, b, expect", my_data)
class TestParametrize:
    def test_parametrize_case1(self, a, b, expect):
        print("\n测试用例case1：测试数据为{}+{}".format(a, b))
        assert a + b == expect

    def test_parametrize_case2(self, a, b, expect):
        print("\n测试用例case1：测试数据为{}+{}".format(a, b))
        assert a + b == expect

运行结果：
当装饰器 @pytest.mark.parametrize 装饰测试类时，会将数据集合传递给类的所有测试用例方法。

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 4 items

test_cases06.py::TestParametrize::test_parametrize_case1[1-2-3] PASSED   [ 25%]
测试用例case1：测试数据为1+2

test_cases06.py::TestParametrize::test_parametrize_case1[4-5-9] PASSED   [ 50%]
测试用例case1：测试数据为4+5

test_cases06.py::TestParametrize::test_parametrize_case2[1-2-3] PASSED   [ 75%]
测试用例case1：测试数据为1+2

test_cases06.py::TestParametrize::test_parametrize_case2[4-5-9] PASSED   [100%]
测试用例case1：测试数据为4+5


============================== 4 passed in 0.05s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

3、多个参数化装饰器

一个函数或一个类可以装饰多个 @pytest.mark.parametrize
当参数化装饰器有很多个的时候，用例数等于n(个)*n(个)*n(个)n(个)…
创建test_cases07.py文件。
脚本代码：

import pytest

my_data1 = [1, 2, 3]
my_data2 = ["a", "b"]


@pytest.mark.parametrize("a", my_data1)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("b", my_data2)
def test_parametrize_case(a, b):
    print(f"测试数据为{a},{b}")

运行结果：
参数a的数据有3个，参数b的数据有2个，所以最终的用例数有3*2=6条。

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 6 items

test_cases07.py::test_parametrize_case[a-1] PASSED                       [ 16%]测试数据为1,a

test_cases07.py::test_parametrize_case[a-2] PASSED                       [ 33%]测试数据为2,a

test_cases07.py::test_parametrize_case[a-3] PASSED                       [ 50%]测试数据为3,a

test_cases07.py::test_parametrize_case[b-1] PASSED                       [ 66%]测试数据为1,b

test_cases07.py::test_parametrize_case[b-2] PASSED                       [ 83%]测试数据为2,b

test_cases07.py::test_parametrize_case[b-3] PASSED                       [100%]测试数据为3,b


============================== 6 passed in 0.04s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

4、参数化（传入字典数据）

创建test_cases08.py文件
数据类型为字典
脚本代码：

import pytest

my_data = (
    {
        "user": "AllTests",
        "pwd": "123456"
    },
    {
        "user": "TestUser",
        "pwd": "235689"
    }
)


@pytest.mark.parametrize("dic", my_data)
def test_parametrize_case(dic):
    print(f"测试数据为：\n{dic}")
    print(f'user:{dic["user"]}, pwd:{dic["pwd"]}')

运行结果：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_cases08.py::test_parametrize_case[dic0] PASSED                      [ 50%]测试数据为：
{'user': 'AllTests', 'pwd': '123456'}
user:AllTests, pwd:123456

test_cases08.py::test_parametrize_case[dic1] PASSED                      [100%]测试数据为：
{'user': 'TestUser', 'pwd': '235689'}
user:TestUser, pwd:235689


============================== 2 passed in 0.02s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

5、标记参数化

pytest.param 可以传三种参数：

param values - 参数集值的变量 args，按顺序排列。
keyword marks - marks 关键字标记，要应用于此参数集的单个标记或标记列表。
keyword str id - 参数集的属性 id。

示例一：
创建test_cases09.py文件。

import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input, expected", [
    ("3+5", 8),
    ("2+4", 6),
    pytest.param("6*9", 45, marks=pytest.mark.xfail),
    pytest.param("6*6", 50, marks=pytest.mark.skip)
])
def test_case(test_input, expected):
    assert eval(test_input) == expected

运行结果：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 4 items

test_cases09.py::test_case[3+5-8] 
test_cases09.py::test_case[2+4-6] 
test_cases09.py::test_case[6*9-45] 
test_cases09.py::test_case[6*6-50] 

=================== 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.12s ===================
PASSED                                 [ 25%]PASSED                                 [ 50%]XFAIL                                 [ 75%]
test_input = '6*9', expected = 45

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input, expected", [
        ("3+5", 8),
        ("2+4", 6),
        pytest.param("6*9", 45, marks=pytest.mark.xfail),
        pytest.param("6*6", 50, marks=pytest.mark.skip)
    ])
    def test_case(test_input, expected):
>       assert eval(test_input) == expected
E       AssertionError: assert 54 == 45
E        +  where 54 = eval('6*9')

test_cases09.py:11: AssertionError
SKIPPED (unconditional skip)          [100%]
Skipped: unconditional skip

Process finished with exit code 0

示例二：
创建test_cases10.py文件。

import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input, expected", [
    pytest.param("3+5", 8, id="case1"),
    pytest.param("2+4", 6, id="case2"),
    pytest.param("6*9", 45, marks=pytest.mark.xfail, id="case3"),
    pytest.param("6*6", 50, marks=pytest.mark.skip, id="case4")
])
def test_case(test_input, expected):
    assert eval(test_input) == expected

运行结果：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 4 items

test_cases10.py::test_case[case1] 
test_cases10.py::test_case[case2] 
test_cases10.py::test_case[case3] 
test_cases10.py::test_case[case4] 

=================== 2 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.12s ===================
PASSED                                 [ 25%]PASSED                                 [ 50%]XFAIL                                  [ 75%]
test_input = '6*9', expected = 45

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input, expected", [
        pytest.param("3+5", 8, id="case1"),
        pytest.param("2+4", 6, id="case2"),
        pytest.param("6*9", 45, marks=pytest.mark.xfail, id="case3"),
        pytest.param("6*6", 50, marks=pytest.mark.skip, id="case4")
    ])
    def test_case(test_input, expected):
>       assert eval(test_input) == expected
E       AssertionError: assert 54 == 45
E        +  where 54 = eval('6*9')

test_cases10.py:11: AssertionError
SKIPPED (unconditional skip)           [100%]
Skipped: unconditional skip

Process finished with exit code 0

6、解决unicode编码问题

使用 @pytest.mark.parametrize 参数化的时候，加 ids 参数用例描述有中文时，在控制台输出会显示 unicode 编码问题，中文不能正常显示。
解决方法：
使用 pytest_collection_modifyitems 钩子函数，对输出的 item.name 和 item.nodeid 重新编码即可。
示例
创建test_cases11.py文件
脚本代码：

import pytest


def login(username, password):
    print("登入操作！！！")
    return {"code": 0, "msg": "success！"}


my_data = [
    ({"username": "AllTests", "password": "123456"}, "success!"),
    ({"username": "Admin123", "password": "123456"}, "success!"),
    ({"username": "Admin456", "password": "123456"}, "success!")
]

ids = [
    "输入正确a账号，正确密码，登录成功",
    "输入正确b账号，正确密码，登录成功",
    "输入正确c账号，正确密码，登录成功",
]


@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_data, expected", my_data, ids=ids)
def test_login(input_data, expected):
    print("test_case-----login")
    result = login(input_data["username"], input_data["password"])
    assert result["msg"] == expected

打开命令行，输入执行命令

pytest -v .\Pytest_session\fixture_params\test_cases11.py

运行结果：
控制台输出中文时显示unicode编码问题。
在这里插入图片描述

3、解决ids参数用例描述为中文时，控制台输出显示unicode编码问题。
在项目的根目录或与用例同级目录下，创建conftest.py文件

def pytest_collection_modifyitems(items):
    for item in items:
        item.name = item.name.encode("utf-8").decode("unicode_escape")
        # print(item_nodeid)
        item._nodeid = item.nodeid.encode("utf-8").decode("unicode_escape")

重新执行用例，运行结果：
控制台输出中文时显示正常。
在这里插入图片描述

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pytest测试框架使用基础06 fixture——parametrize

pytest.mark.parametrize 允许在测试函数或类中定义多组参数和 fixtures。参数化场景：只有测试数据和预期结果不一样，但操作步骤是一样的测试用例是可以用上参数化的。创建test_cases02.py文件可以看到，三个用例都是先计算，然后断言某个值，重复写三个类似的用例有些冗余。2、运行结果：可以看到，只有一条用例，但是利用参数化输入三组不同的测试数据和预期结果，最终执行的测试用例数还是3条，可以节省很多代码。
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