jni深入理解

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 07:55:25 发布

程立001

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 07:55:25 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaolli/article/details/108095086

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jni的初始化

zygote 启动时:
app_main.cpp

int main(int argc, char* const argv[]) 
		runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
}

AndroidRuntime.cpp

void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote) {

		JniInvocation jni_invocation;
		jni_invocation.Init(NULL); //打开libart.so 动态库
		JNIEnv* env;
		if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) { //创建jvm 虚拟机
    			return;
		}
	   if (startReg(env) < 0) {    //注册jni函数                                                                                                                                                                          
  		      ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
  		       return;
     }
}

加载libart.so 动态库

JniInvocation.h

bool Init(const char* library) {
  return JniInvocationInit(impl_, library) != 0;                  
}

JniInvocation.cpp

MODULE_API int JniInvocationInit(JniInvocationImpl* instance, const char* library) {      
	 return instance->Init(library) ? 1 : 0;
}

bool JniInvocationImpl::Init(const char* library) {
  char buffer[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
	//根据ro.debuggable  的值判断是使用
	//persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2 配置lib库还是使用libart.so
	//默认是使用libart.so
  library = GetLibrary(library, buffer);
  handle_ = OpenLibrary(library);

  if (!FindSymbol(reinterpret_cast<FUNC_POINTER*>(&JNI_GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs_),
                  "JNI_GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs")) {
    return false;
  }
  //将创建jvm的函数JNI_CreateJavaVM 映射到 JNI_CreateJavaVM_
  if (!FindSymbol(reinterpret_cast<FUNC_POINTER*>(&JNI_CreateJavaVM_),
                  "JNI_CreateJavaVM")) {
    return false;
  }
  if (!FindSymbol(reinterpret_cast<FUNC_POINTER*>(&JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs_),
                  "JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs")) {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

OpenLibrary 是去打开相应的 so库,默认为 libart.so
OpenLibrary —> dlopen

创建jvm 虚拟机

int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote){
	....
	if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
    	ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
    	return -1;
	}
}

之后会走到libart.so 的JNI_CreateJavaVM 方法中:
/art/runtime/java_vm_ext.cc

extern "C" jint JNI_CreateJavaVM(JavaVM** p_vm, JNIEnv** p_env, void* vm_args) {
  ScopedTrace trace(__FUNCTION__);
  const JavaVMInitArgs* args = static_cast<JavaVMInitArgs*>(vm_args);

  RuntimeOptions options;
  ...
  bool ignore_unrecognized = args->ignoreUnrecognized;
  if (!Runtime::Create(options, ignore_unrecognized)) {  // 创建art虚拟机
    return JNI_ERR;
  }

  android::InitializeNativeLoader();

  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
  bool started = runtime->Start();  //启动art虚拟机

  *p_env = Thread::Current()->GetJniEnv();  //jni 的env
  *p_vm = runtime->GetJavaVM();
  return JNI_OK;
}

创建虚拟机

/art/runtime/runtime.cc

bool Runtime::Create(RuntimeArgumentMap&& runtime_options) {
  if (Runtime::instance_ != nullptr) {
    return false;
  }
  instance_ = new Runtime;
  Locks::SetClientCallback(IsSafeToCallAbort);
  if (!instance_->Init(std::move(runtime_options))) {  //初始化art 虚拟机
    instance_ = nullptr;
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

bool Runtime::Create(const RuntimeOptions& raw_options, bool ignore_unrecognized) {
  RuntimeArgumentMap runtime_options;
  return ParseOptions(raw_options, ignore_unrecognized, &runtime_options) &&
      Create(std::move(runtime_options));
}

bool Runtime::Init(RuntimeArgumentMap&& runtime_options_in) {
  MemMap::Init();
//TODO
  monitor_list_ = new MonitorList;
  monitor_pool_ = MonitorPool::Create();
  thread_list_ = new ThreadList(runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::ThreadSuspendTimeout));
  intern_table_ = new InternTable;

  if (!heap_->HasBootImageSpace() && !allow_dex_file_fallback_) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Dex file fallback disabled, cannot continue without image.";
    return false;
  }

  dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_ = runtime_options.Exists(Opt::DumpGCPerformanceOnShutdown);

  jdwp_options_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::JdwpOptions);
  jdwp_provider_ = runtime_options.GetOrDefault(Opt::JdwpProvider);

  callbacks_->AddThreadLifecycleCallback(Dbg::GetThreadLifecycleCallback());
  callbacks_->AddClassLoadCallback(Dbg::GetClassLoadCallback());

  jit_options_.reset(jit::JitOptions::CreateFromRuntimeArguments(runtime_options));
  if (IsAotCompiler()) {
    jit_options_->SetUseJitCompilation(false);
    jit_options_->SetSaveProfilingInfo(false);
  }
  BlockSignals();
  InitPlatformSignalHandlers();
  std::string error_msg;
  //创建jvm 虚拟机
  java_vm_ = JavaVMExt::Create(this, runtime_options, &error_msg);
  java_vm_->AddEnvironmentHook(JNIEnvExt::GetEnvHandler);
  Thread::Startup();
  Thread* self = Thread::Attach("main", false, nullptr, false); // jni_env 赋值到各个线程
  self->SetCanCallIntoJava(!IsAotCompiler());
  self->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();

  GetHeap()->EnableObjectValidation();

启动虚拟机

/art/runtime/runtime.cc

bool Runtime::Start() {
 Thread* self = Thread::Current();
 self->TransitionFromRunnableToSuspended(kNative);
 started_ = true;

 {
   ScopedTrace trace2("InitNativeMethods");
   InitNativeMethods();
 }
 InitializeIntrinsics();
 InitThreadGroups(self);
 Thread::FinishStartup();

 if (jit_options_->UseJitCompilation() || jit_options_->GetSaveProfilingInfo()) {
   std::string error_msg;
   if (!IsZygote()) {
     CreateJit();
   } else if (jit_options_->UseJitCompilation()) {
     if (!jit::Jit::LoadCompilerLibrary(&error_msg)) {
       LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to load JIT compiler with error " << error_msg;
     }
   }
 }

 system_class_loader_ = CreateSystemClassLoader(this);
 {
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
   callbacks_->NextRuntimePhase(RuntimePhaseCallback::RuntimePhase::kInit);
 }
 StartDaemonThreads();
 {
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
   self->GetJniEnv()->AssertLocalsEmpty();
 }
 finished_starting_ = true;
 return true;
}

jni Env 的获取:

*p_env = Thread::Current()->GetJniEnv(); //jni 的env
/art/runtime/thread.h

JNIEnvExt* GetJniEnv() const {
    return tlsPtr_.jni_env;
}

而jni_env是在线程创建时准备好的
/art/runtime/runtime.cc

bool Runtime::Init(RuntimeArgumentMap&& runtime_options_in) {
  java_vm_ = JavaVMExt::Create(this, runtime_options, &error_msg);

  java_vm_->AddEnvironmentHook(JNIEnvExt::GetEnvHandler);
  Thread::Startup();
  Thread* self = Thread::Attach("main", false, nullptr, false);
  }

/art/runtime/thread.cc

Thread* Thread::Attach(const char* thread_name,
                       bool as_daemon,
                       jobject thread_group,
                       bool create_peer) {
  auto create_peer_action = [&](Thread* self) {
	....
  };
  return Attach(thread_name, as_daemon, create_peer_action);
}

template <typename PeerAction>
Thread* Thread::Attach(const char* thread_name, bool as_daemon, PeerAction peer_action) {
  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
  Thread* self;
  {
    MutexLock mu(nullptr, *Locks::runtime_shutdown_lock_);
    Runtime::Current()->StartThreadBirth();
    self = new Thread(as_daemon);
    bool init_success = self->Init(runtime->GetThreadList(), runtime->GetJavaVM());  //初始化Thread  线程个
    Runtime::Current()->EndThreadBirth();
    }
  }
  if (!peer_action(self)) {
    runtime->GetThreadList()->Unregister(self);
    return nullptr;
  }
  return self;
}

 bool Init(ThreadList*, JavaVMExt*, JNIEnvExt* jni_env_ext = nullptr)

bool Thread::Init(ThreadList* thread_list, JavaVMExt* java_vm, JNIEnvExt* jni_env_ext) {
  tlsPtr_.pthread_self = pthread_self();
  SetUpAlternateSignalStack();
  InitCpu();
  InitTlsEntryPoints();
  RemoveSuspendTrigger();
  InitCardTable();
  InitTid();
  interpreter::InitInterpreterTls(this);

  tls32_.thin_lock_thread_id = thread_list->AllocThreadId(this);
  if (jni_env_ext != nullptr) {
    tlsPtr_.jni_env = jni_env_ext;
  } else {
    std::string error_msg;
    tlsPtr_.jni_env = JNIEnvExt::Create(this, java_vm, &error_msg);  //创建jni_env
  }
  thread_list->Register(this);
  return true;
}

此处可见 Thread中JNIEnvExt 的创建是在此处,
那JNIEnvExt 究竟是什么东西呢?
/art/runtime/jni_env_ext.cc

JNIEnvExt* JNIEnvExt::Create(Thread* self_in, JavaVMExt* vm_in, std::string* error_msg) {
  std::unique_ptr<JNIEnvExt> ret(new JNIEnvExt(self_in, vm_in, error_msg));
  if (CheckLocalsValid(ret.get())) {
    return ret.release();
  }
  return nullptr;
}

可以看出jni_env 就是 JNIEnvExt, 他的继承关系为:

class JNIEnvExt : public JNIEnv

所以JNIEnvExt 对外暴露的接口为 JNIEnvExt 和 JNIEnv 里所定义的:


class JNIEnvExt : public JNIEnv {
public:

 static JNIEnvExt* Create(Thread* self, JavaVMExt* vm, std::string* error_msg);
 static Offset SegmentStateOffset(size_t pointer_size);
 static Offset LocalRefCookieOffset(size_t pointer_size);
 static Offset SelfOffset(size_t pointer_size);
 static jint GetEnvHandler(JavaVMExt* vm, /*out*/void** out, jint version);

 void SetCheckJniEnabled(bool enabled) REQUIRES(!Locks::jni_function_table_lock_);

 void PushFrame(int capacity) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 void PopFrame() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);

 template<typename T>
 T AddLocalReference(ObjPtr<mirror::Object> obj)
     REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
     REQUIRES(!Locks::alloc_tracker_lock_);

 void UpdateLocal(IndirectRef iref, ObjPtr<mirror::Object> obj) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   locals_.Update(iref, obj);
 }

 jobject NewLocalRef(mirror::Object* obj) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 void DeleteLocalRef(jobject obj) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);

 void TrimLocals() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   locals_.Trim();
 }
 void AssertLocalsEmpty() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   locals_.AssertEmpty();
 }
 size_t GetLocalsCapacity() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   return locals_.Capacity();
 }

 IRTSegmentState GetLocalRefCookie() const { return local_ref_cookie_; }
 void SetLocalRefCookie(IRTSegmentState new_cookie) { local_ref_cookie_ = new_cookie; }

 IRTSegmentState GetLocalsSegmentState() const REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   return locals_.GetSegmentState();
 }
 void SetLocalSegmentState(IRTSegmentState new_state) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
   locals_.SetSegmentState(new_state);
 }


 Thread* GetSelf() const { return self_; }
 uint32_t GetCritical() const { return critical_; }
  void SetCritical(uint32_t new_critical) { critical_ = new_critical; }
  uint64_t GetCriticalStartUs() const { return critical_start_us_; }
  void SetCriticalStartUs(uint64_t new_critical_start_us) {
    critical_start_us_ = new_critical_start_us;
  }
  const JNINativeInterface* GetUncheckedFunctions() const {
    return unchecked_functions_;
  }
  JavaVMExt* GetVm() const { return vm_; }

  bool IsRuntimeDeleted() const { return runtime_deleted_; }
  bool IsCheckJniEnabled() const { return check_jni_; }
  void RecordMonitorEnter(jobject obj) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);

  void CheckMonitorRelease(jobject obj) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);

  void CheckNoHeldMonitors() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);

  void VisitMonitorRoots(RootVisitor* visitor, const RootInfo& root_info)
      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
    monitors_.VisitRoots(visitor, root_info);
  }
  void SetFunctionsToRuntimeShutdownFunctions();

  static void SetTableOverride(const JNINativeInterface* table_override)
      REQUIRES(!Locks::thread_list_lock_, !Locks::jni_function_table_lock_);

  static const JNINativeInterface* GetFunctionTable(bool check_jni)
      REQUIRES(Locks::jni_function_table_lock_);
 };

/libnativehelper/include_jni/jni.h

#if defined(__cplusplus)
typedef _JNIEnv JNIEnv;    //如果是cpp  JNIEnv 对外的接口为 _JNIEnv
typedef _JavaVM JavaVM;
#else
typedef const struct JNINativeInterface* JNIEnv;  //如果是其他的 JNIEnv对外的接口为 JNINativeInterface
typedef const struct JNIInvokeInterface* JavaVM;
#endif

JNINativeInterface 对外暴露接口为:

struct JNINativeInterface {
    jint        (*GetVersion)(JNIEnv *);

    jclass      (*DefineClass)(JNIEnv*, const char*, jobject, const jbyte*,
                        jsize);
    jclass      (*FindClass)(JNIEnv*, const char*);

    jmethodID   (*FromReflectedMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    jfieldID    (*FromReflectedField)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    /* spec doesn't show jboolean parameter */
    jobject     (*ToReflectedMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jboolean);

    jclass      (*GetSuperclass)(JNIEnv*, jclass);
    jboolean    (*IsAssignableFrom)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jclass);

    /* spec doesn't show jboolean parameter */
    jobject     (*ToReflectedField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jboolean);

    jint        (*Throw)(JNIEnv*, jthrowable);
    jint        (*ThrowNew)(JNIEnv *, jclass, const char *);
    jthrowable  (*ExceptionOccurred)(JNIEnv*);
    void        (*ExceptionDescribe)(JNIEnv*);
    void        (*ExceptionClear)(JNIEnv*);
    void        (*FatalError)(JNIEnv*, const char*);

    jint        (*PushLocalFrame)(JNIEnv*, jint);
    jobject     (*PopLocalFrame)(JNIEnv*, jobject);

    jobject     (*NewGlobalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    void        (*DeleteGlobalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    void        (*DeleteLocalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    jboolean    (*IsSameObject)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jobject);

    jobject     (*NewLocalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    jint        (*EnsureLocalCapacity)(JNIEnv*, jint);

    jobject     (*AllocObject)(JNIEnv*, jclass);
    jobject     (*NewObject)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jobject     (*NewObjectV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jobject     (*NewObjectA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);

    jclass      (*GetObjectClass)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    jboolean    (*IsInstanceOf)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass);
    jmethodID   (*GetMethodID)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const char*, const char*);

    jobject     (*CallObjectMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jobject     (*CallObjectMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jobject     (*CallObjectMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jboolean    (*CallBooleanMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jboolean    (*CallBooleanMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jboolean    (*CallBooleanMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jbyte       (*CallByteMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jbyte       (*CallByteMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jbyte       (*CallByteMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jchar       (*CallCharMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jchar       (*CallCharMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jchar       (*CallCharMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jshort      (*CallShortMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jshort      (*CallShortMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jshort      (*CallShortMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jint        (*CallIntMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jint        (*CallIntMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jint        (*CallIntMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jlong       (*CallLongMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jlong       (*CallLongMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jlong       (*CallLongMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jfloat      (*CallFloatMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jfloat      (*CallFloatMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jfloat      (*CallFloatMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jdouble     (*CallDoubleMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    jdouble     (*CallDoubleMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    jdouble     (*CallDoubleMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    void        (*CallVoidMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, ...);
    void        (*CallVoidMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, va_list);
    void        (*CallVoidMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jmethodID, jvalue*);

    jobject     (*CallNonvirtualObjectMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jobject     (*CallNonvirtualObjectMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    jobject     (*CallNonvirtualObjectMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jboolean    (*CallNonvirtualBooleanMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jboolean    (*CallNonvirtualBooleanMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                         jmethodID, va_list);
    jboolean    (*CallNonvirtualBooleanMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                         jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jbyte       (*CallNonvirtualByteMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jbyte       (*CallNonvirtualByteMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    jbyte       (*CallNonvirtualByteMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jchar       (*CallNonvirtualCharMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jchar       (*CallNonvirtualCharMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    jchar       (*CallNonvirtualCharMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jshort      (*CallNonvirtualShortMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jshort      (*CallNonvirtualShortMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    jshort      (*CallNonvirtualShortMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jint        (*CallNonvirtualIntMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jint        (*CallNonvirtualIntMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    jint        (*CallNonvirtualIntMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jlong       (*CallNonvirtualLongMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jlong       (*CallNonvirtualLongMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    jlong       (*CallNonvirtualLongMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jfloat      (*CallNonvirtualFloatMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jfloat      (*CallNonvirtualFloatMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    jfloat      (*CallNonvirtualFloatMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jdouble     (*CallNonvirtualDoubleMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    jdouble     (*CallNonvirtualDoubleMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    jdouble     (*CallNonvirtualDoubleMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);
    void        (*CallNonvirtualVoidMethod)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, ...);
    void        (*CallNonvirtualVoidMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, va_list);
    void        (*CallNonvirtualVoidMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jclass,
                        jmethodID, jvalue*);

    jfieldID    (*GetFieldID)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const char*, const char*);

    jobject     (*GetObjectField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
    jboolean    (*GetBooleanField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
    jbyte       (*GetByteField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
    jchar       (*GetCharField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
    jshort      (*GetShortField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
    jint        (*GetIntField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
    jlong       (*GetLongField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
    jfloat      (*GetFloatField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);
    jdouble     (*GetDoubleField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID);

    void        (*SetObjectField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jobject);
    void        (*SetBooleanField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jboolean);
    void        (*SetByteField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jbyte);
    void        (*SetCharField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jchar);
    void        (*SetShortField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jshort);
    void        (*SetIntField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jint);
    void        (*SetLongField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jlong);
    void        (*SetFloatField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jfloat);
    void        (*SetDoubleField)(JNIEnv*, jobject, jfieldID, jdouble);

    jmethodID   (*GetStaticMethodID)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const char*, const char*);

    jobject     (*CallStaticObjectMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jobject     (*CallStaticObjectMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jobject     (*CallStaticObjectMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jboolean    (*CallStaticBooleanMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jboolean    (*CallStaticBooleanMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID,
                        va_list);
    jboolean    (*CallStaticBooleanMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID,
                        jvalue*);
    jbyte       (*CallStaticByteMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jbyte       (*CallStaticByteMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jbyte       (*CallStaticByteMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jchar       (*CallStaticCharMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jchar       (*CallStaticCharMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jchar       (*CallStaticCharMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jshort      (*CallStaticShortMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jshort      (*CallStaticShortMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jshort      (*CallStaticShortMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jint        (*CallStaticIntMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jint        (*CallStaticIntMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jint        (*CallStaticIntMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jlong       (*CallStaticLongMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jlong       (*CallStaticLongMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jlong       (*CallStaticLongMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jfloat      (*CallStaticFloatMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jfloat      (*CallStaticFloatMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jfloat      (*CallStaticFloatMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    jdouble     (*CallStaticDoubleMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    jdouble     (*CallStaticDoubleMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    jdouble     (*CallStaticDoubleMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);
    void        (*CallStaticVoidMethod)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, ...);
    void        (*CallStaticVoidMethodV)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, va_list);
    void        (*CallStaticVoidMethodA)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jmethodID, jvalue*);

    jfieldID    (*GetStaticFieldID)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const char*,
                        const char*);

    jobject     (*GetStaticObjectField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
    jboolean    (*GetStaticBooleanField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
    jbyte       (*GetStaticByteField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
    jchar       (*GetStaticCharField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
    jshort      (*GetStaticShortField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
    jint        (*GetStaticIntField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
    jlong       (*GetStaticLongField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
    jfloat      (*GetStaticFloatField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);
    jdouble     (*GetStaticDoubleField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID);

    void        (*SetStaticObjectField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jobject);
    void        (*SetStaticBooleanField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jboolean);
    void        (*SetStaticByteField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jbyte);
    void        (*SetStaticCharField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jchar);
    void        (*SetStaticShortField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jshort);
    void        (*SetStaticIntField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jint);
    void        (*SetStaticLongField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jlong);
    void        (*SetStaticFloatField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jfloat);
    void        (*SetStaticDoubleField)(JNIEnv*, jclass, jfieldID, jdouble);

    jstring     (*NewString)(JNIEnv*, const jchar*, jsize);
    jsize       (*GetStringLength)(JNIEnv*, jstring);
    const jchar* (*GetStringChars)(JNIEnv*, jstring, jboolean*);
    void        (*ReleaseStringChars)(JNIEnv*, jstring, const jchar*);
    jstring     (*NewStringUTF)(JNIEnv*, const char*);
    jsize       (*GetStringUTFLength)(JNIEnv*, jstring);
    /* JNI spec says this returns const jbyte*, but that's inconsistent */
    const char* (*GetStringUTFChars)(JNIEnv*, jstring, jboolean*);
    void        (*ReleaseStringUTFChars)(JNIEnv*, jstring, const char*);
    jsize       (*GetArrayLength)(JNIEnv*, jarray);
    jobjectArray (*NewObjectArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize, jclass, jobject);
    jobject     (*GetObjectArrayElement)(JNIEnv*, jobjectArray, jsize);
    void        (*SetObjectArrayElement)(JNIEnv*, jobjectArray, jsize, jobject);

    jbooleanArray (*NewBooleanArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
    jbyteArray    (*NewByteArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
    jcharArray    (*NewCharArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
    jshortArray   (*NewShortArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
    jintArray     (*NewIntArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
    jlongArray    (*NewLongArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
    jfloatArray   (*NewFloatArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);
    jdoubleArray  (*NewDoubleArray)(JNIEnv*, jsize);

    jboolean*   (*GetBooleanArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jbooleanArray, jboolean*);
    jbyte*      (*GetByteArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jbyteArray, jboolean*);
    jchar*      (*GetCharArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jcharArray, jboolean*);
    jshort*     (*GetShortArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jshortArray, jboolean*);
    jint*       (*GetIntArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jintArray, jboolean*);
    jlong*      (*GetLongArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jlongArray, jboolean*);
    jfloat*     (*GetFloatArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jfloatArray, jboolean*);
    jdouble*    (*GetDoubleArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jdoubleArray, jboolean*);

    void        (*ReleaseBooleanArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jbooleanArray,
                        jboolean*, jint);
    void        (*ReleaseByteArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jbyteArray,
                        jbyte*, jint);
    void        (*ReleaseCharArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jcharArray,
                        jchar*, jint);
    void        (*ReleaseShortArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jshortArray,
                        jshort*, jint);
    void        (*ReleaseIntArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jintArray,
                        jint*, jint);
    void        (*ReleaseLongArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jlongArray,
                        jlong*, jint);
    void        (*ReleaseFloatArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jfloatArray,
                        jfloat*, jint);
    void        (*ReleaseDoubleArrayElements)(JNIEnv*, jdoubleArray,
                        jdouble*, jint);

    void        (*GetBooleanArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jbooleanArray,
                        jsize, jsize, jboolean*);
    void        (*GetByteArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jbyteArray,
                        jsize, jsize, jbyte*);
    void        (*GetCharArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jcharArray,
                        jsize, jsize, jchar*);
    void        (*GetShortArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jshortArray,
                        jsize, jsize, jshort*);
    void        (*GetIntArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jintArray,
                        jsize, jsize, jint*);
    void        (*GetLongArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jlongArray,
                        jsize, jsize, jlong*);
    void        (*GetFloatArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jfloatArray,
                        jsize, jsize, jfloat*);
    void        (*GetDoubleArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jdoubleArray,
                        jsize, jsize, jdouble*);

    /* spec shows these without const; some jni.h do, some don't */
    void        (*SetBooleanArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jbooleanArray,
                        jsize, jsize, const jboolean*);
    void        (*SetByteArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jbyteArray,
                        jsize, jsize, const jbyte*);
    void        (*SetCharArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jcharArray,
                        jsize, jsize, const jchar*);
    void        (*SetShortArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jshortArray,
                        jsize, jsize, const jshort*);
    void        (*SetIntArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jintArray,
                        jsize, jsize, const jint*);
    void        (*SetLongArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jlongArray,
                        jsize, jsize, const jlong*);
    void        (*SetFloatArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jfloatArray,
                        jsize, jsize, const jfloat*);
    void        (*SetDoubleArrayRegion)(JNIEnv*, jdoubleArray,
                        jsize, jsize, const jdouble*);

    jint        (*RegisterNatives)(JNIEnv*, jclass, const JNINativeMethod*,
                        jint);
    jint        (*UnregisterNatives)(JNIEnv*, jclass);
    jint        (*MonitorEnter)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    jint        (*MonitorExit)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    jint        (*GetJavaVM)(JNIEnv*, JavaVM**);

    void        (*GetStringRegion)(JNIEnv*, jstring, jsize, jsize, jchar*);
    void        (*GetStringUTFRegion)(JNIEnv*, jstring, jsize, jsize, char*);

    void*       (*GetPrimitiveArrayCritical)(JNIEnv*, jarray, jboolean*);
    void        (*ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical)(JNIEnv*, jarray, void*, jint);

    const jchar* (*GetStringCritical)(JNIEnv*, jstring, jboolean*);
    void        (*ReleaseStringCritical)(JNIEnv*, jstring, const jchar*);

    jweak       (*NewWeakGlobalRef)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    void        (*DeleteWeakGlobalRef)(JNIEnv*, jweak);

    jboolean    (*ExceptionCheck)(JNIEnv*);

    jobject     (*NewDirectByteBuffer)(JNIEnv*, void*, jlong);
    void*       (*GetDirectBufferAddress)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
    jlong       (*GetDirectBufferCapacity)(JNIEnv*, jobject);

    /* added in JNI 1.6 */
    jobjectRefType (*GetObjectRefType)(JNIEnv*, jobject);
};

cpp的话 _JNIEnv 对外暴露的接口为:

struct _JNIEnv {
    /* do not rename this; it does not seem to be entirely opaque */
    const struct JNINativeInterface* functions;

#if defined(__cplusplus)

    jint GetVersion()
    { return functions->GetVersion(this); }

    jclass DefineClass(const char *name, jobject loader, const jbyte* buf,
        jsize bufLen)
    { return functions->DefineClass(this, name, loader, buf, bufLen); }

    jclass FindClass(const char* name)
    { return functions->FindClass(this, name); }

    jmethodID FromReflectedMethod(jobject method)
    { return functions->FromReflectedMethod(this, method); }

    jfieldID FromReflectedField(jobject field)
    { return functions->FromReflectedField(this, field); }

    jobject ToReflectedMethod(jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, jboolean isStatic)
    { return functions->ToReflectedMethod(this, cls, methodID, isStatic); }

    jclass GetSuperclass(jclass clazz)
    { return functions->GetSuperclass(this, clazz); }

    jboolean IsAssignableFrom(jclass clazz1, jclass clazz2)
    { return functions->IsAssignableFrom(this, clazz1, clazz2); }

    jobject ToReflectedField(jclass cls, jfieldID fieldID, jboolean isStatic)
    { return functions->ToReflectedField(this, cls, fieldID, isStatic); }

    jint Throw(jthrowable obj)
    { return functions->Throw(this, obj); }

    jint ThrowNew(jclass clazz, const char* message)
    { return functions->ThrowNew(this, clazz, message); }

    jthrowable ExceptionOccurred()
    { return functions->ExceptionOccurred(this); }

    void ExceptionDescribe()
    { functions->ExceptionDescribe(this); }

    void ExceptionClear()
    { functions->ExceptionClear(this); }

    void FatalError(const char* msg)
    { functions->FatalError(this, msg); }

    jint PushLocalFrame(jint capacity)
    { return functions->PushLocalFrame(this, capacity); }

    jobject PopLocalFrame(jobject result)
    { return functions->PopLocalFrame(this, result); }

    jobject NewGlobalRef(jobject obj)
    { return functions->NewGlobalRef(this, obj); }

    void DeleteGlobalRef(jobject globalRef)
    { functions->DeleteGlobalRef(this, globalRef); }

    void DeleteLocalRef(jobject localRef)
    { functions->DeleteLocalRef(this, localRef); }

    jboolean IsSameObject(jobject ref1, jobject ref2)
    { return functions->IsSameObject(this, ref1, ref2); }

    jobject NewLocalRef(jobject ref)
    { return functions->NewLocalRef(this, ref); }

    jint EnsureLocalCapacity(jint capacity)
    { return functions->EnsureLocalCapacity(this, capacity); }

    jobject AllocObject(jclass clazz)
    { return functions->AllocObject(this, clazz); }

    jobject NewObject(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, ...)
    {
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, methodID);
        jobject result = functions->NewObjectV(this, clazz, methodID, args);
        va_end(args);
        return result;
    }

    jobject NewObjectV(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, va_list args)
    { return functions->NewObjectV(this, clazz, methodID, args); }

    jobject NewObjectA(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, jvalue* args)
    { return functions->NewObjectA(this, clazz, methodID, args); }

    jclass GetObjectClass(jobject obj)
    { return functions->GetObjectClass(this, obj); }

    jboolean IsInstanceOf(jobject obj, jclass clazz)
    { return functions->IsInstanceOf(this, obj, clazz); }

    jmethodID GetMethodID(jclass clazz, const char* name, const char* sig)
    { return functions->GetMethodID(this, clazz, name, sig); }

#define CALL_TYPE_METHOD(_jtype, _jname)                                    \
    _jtype Call##_jname##Method(jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, ...)       \
    {                                                                       \
        _jtype result;                                                      \
        va_list args;                                                       \
        va_start(args, methodID);                                           \
        result = functions->Call##_jname##MethodV(this, obj, methodID,      \
                    args);                                                  \
        va_end(args);                                                       \
        return result;                                                      \
    }
#define CALL_TYPE_METHODV(_jtype, _jname)                                   \
    _jtype Call##_jname##MethodV(jobject obj, jmethodID methodID,           \
        va_list args)                                                       \
    { return functions->Call##_jname##MethodV(this, obj, methodID, args); }
#define CALL_TYPE_METHODA(_jtype, _jname)                                   \
    _jtype Call##_jname##MethodA(jobject obj, jmethodID methodID,           \
        jvalue* args)                                                       \
    { return functions->Call##_jname##MethodA(this, obj, methodID, args); }

#define CALL_TYPE(_jtype, _jname)                                           \
    CALL_TYPE_METHOD(_jtype, _jname)                                        \
    CALL_TYPE_METHODV(_jtype, _jname)                                       \
    CALL_TYPE_METHODA(_jtype, _jname)

    CALL_TYPE(jobject, Object)
    CALL_TYPE(jboolean, Boolean)
    CALL_TYPE(jbyte, Byte)
    CALL_TYPE(jchar, Char)
    CALL_TYPE(jshort, Short)
    CALL_TYPE(jint, Int)
    CALL_TYPE(jlong, Long)
    CALL_TYPE(jfloat, Float)
    CALL_TYPE(jdouble, Double)

    void CallVoidMethod(jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, ...)
    {
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, methodID);
        functions->CallVoidMethodV(this, obj, methodID, args);
        va_end(args);
    }
    void CallVoidMethodV(jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args)
    { functions->CallVoidMethodV(this, obj, methodID, args); }
    void CallVoidMethodA(jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, jvalue* args)
    { functions->CallVoidMethodA(this, obj, methodID, args); }

#define CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE_METHOD(_jtype, _jname)                            \
    _jtype CallNonvirtual##_jname##Method(jobject obj, jclass clazz,        \
        jmethodID methodID, ...)                                            \
    {                                                                       \
        _jtype result;                                                      \
        va_list args;                                                       \
        va_start(args, methodID);                                           \
        result = functions->CallNonvirtual##_jname##MethodV(this, obj,      \
                    clazz, methodID, args);                                 \
        va_end(args);                                                       \
        return result;                                                      \
    }
#define CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE_METHODV(_jtype, _jname)                           \
    _jtype CallNonvirtual##_jname##MethodV(jobject obj, jclass clazz,       \
        jmethodID methodID, va_list args)                                   \
    { return functions->CallNonvirtual##_jname##MethodV(this, obj, clazz,   \
        methodID, args); }
#define CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE_METHODA(_jtype, _jname)                           \
    _jtype CallNonvirtual##_jname##MethodA(jobject obj, jclass clazz,       \
        jmethodID methodID, jvalue* args)                                   \
    { return functions->CallNonvirtual##_jname##MethodA(this, obj, clazz,   \
        methodID, args); }

#define CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(_jtype, _jname)                                   \
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE_METHOD(_jtype, _jname)                                \
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE_METHODV(_jtype, _jname)                               \
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE_METHODA(_jtype, _jname)

    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jobject, Object)
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jboolean, Boolean)
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jbyte, Byte)
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jchar, Char)
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jshort, Short)
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jint, Int)
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jlong, Long)
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jfloat, Float)
    CALL_NONVIRT_TYPE(jdouble, Double)

    void CallNonvirtualVoidMethod(jobject obj, jclass clazz,
        jmethodID methodID, ...)
    {
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, methodID);
        functions->CallNonvirtualVoidMethodV(this, obj, clazz, methodID, args);
        va_end(args);
    }
    void CallNonvirtualVoidMethodV(jobject obj, jclass clazz,
        jmethodID methodID, va_list args)
    { functions->CallNonvirtualVoidMethodV(this, obj, clazz, methodID, args); }
    void CallNonvirtualVoidMethodA(jobject obj, jclass clazz,
        jmethodID methodID, jvalue* args)
    { functions->CallNonvirtualVoidMethodA(this, obj, clazz, methodID, args); }

    jfieldID GetFieldID(jclass clazz, const char* name, const char* sig)
    { return functions->GetFieldID(this, clazz, name, sig); }

    jobject GetObjectField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetObjectField(this, obj, fieldID); }
    jboolean GetBooleanField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetBooleanField(this, obj, fieldID); }
    jbyte GetByteField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetByteField(this, obj, fieldID); }
    jchar GetCharField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetCharField(this, obj, fieldID); }
    jshort GetShortField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetShortField(this, obj, fieldID); }
    jint GetIntField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetIntField(this, obj, fieldID); }
    jlong GetLongField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetLongField(this, obj, fieldID); }
    jfloat GetFloatField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetFloatField(this, obj, fieldID); }
    jdouble GetDoubleField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetDoubleField(this, obj, fieldID); }

    void SetObjectField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jobject value)
    { functions->SetObjectField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }
    void SetBooleanField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jboolean value)
    { functions->SetBooleanField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }
    void SetByteField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jbyte value)
    { functions->SetByteField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }
    void SetCharField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jchar value)
    { functions->SetCharField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }
    void SetShortField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jshort value)
    { functions->SetShortField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }
    void SetIntField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jint value)
    { functions->SetIntField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }
    void SetLongField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jlong value)
    { functions->SetLongField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }
    void SetFloatField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jfloat value)
    { functions->SetFloatField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }
    void SetDoubleField(jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, jdouble value)
    { functions->SetDoubleField(this, obj, fieldID, value); }

    jmethodID GetStaticMethodID(jclass clazz, const char* name, const char* sig)
    { return functions->GetStaticMethodID(this, clazz, name, sig); }

#define CALL_STATIC_TYPE_METHOD(_jtype, _jname)                             \
    _jtype CallStatic##_jname##Method(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID,     \
        ...)                                                                \
    {                                                                       \
        _jtype result;                                                      \
        va_list args;                                                       \
        va_start(args, methodID);                                           \
        result = functions->CallStatic##_jname##MethodV(this, clazz,        \
                    methodID, args);                                        \
        va_end(args);                                                       \
        return result;                                                      \
    }
#define CALL_STATIC_TYPE_METHODV(_jtype, _jname)                            \
    _jtype CallStatic##_jname##MethodV(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID,    \
        va_list args)                                                       \
    { return functions->CallStatic##_jname##MethodV(this, clazz, methodID,  \
        args); }
#define CALL_STATIC_TYPE_METHODA(_jtype, _jname)                            \
    _jtype CallStatic##_jname##MethodA(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID,    \
        jvalue* args)                                                       \
    { return functions->CallStatic##_jname##MethodA(this, clazz, methodID,  \
        args); }

#define CALL_STATIC_TYPE(_jtype, _jname)                                    \
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE_METHOD(_jtype, _jname)                                 \
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE_METHODV(_jtype, _jname)                                \
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE_METHODA(_jtype, _jname)

    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jobject, Object)
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jboolean, Boolean)
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jbyte, Byte)
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jchar, Char)
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jshort, Short)
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jint, Int)
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jlong, Long)
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jfloat, Float)
    CALL_STATIC_TYPE(jdouble, Double)

    void CallStaticVoidMethod(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, ...)
    {
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, methodID);
        functions->CallStaticVoidMethodV(this, clazz, methodID, args);
        va_end(args);
    }
    void CallStaticVoidMethodV(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, va_list args)
    { functions->CallStaticVoidMethodV(this, clazz, methodID, args); }
    void CallStaticVoidMethodA(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, jvalue* args)
    { functions->CallStaticVoidMethodA(this, clazz, methodID, args); }

    jfieldID GetStaticFieldID(jclass clazz, const char* name, const char* sig)
    { return functions->GetStaticFieldID(this, clazz, name, sig); }

    jobject GetStaticObjectField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticObjectField(this, clazz, fieldID); }
    jboolean GetStaticBooleanField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticBooleanField(this, clazz, fieldID); }
    jbyte GetStaticByteField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticByteField(this, clazz, fieldID); }
    jchar GetStaticCharField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticCharField(this, clazz, fieldID); }
    jshort GetStaticShortField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticShortField(this, clazz, fieldID); }
    jint GetStaticIntField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticIntField(this, clazz, fieldID); }
    jlong GetStaticLongField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticLongField(this, clazz, fieldID); }
    jfloat GetStaticFloatField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticFloatField(this, clazz, fieldID); }
    jdouble GetStaticDoubleField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID)
    { return functions->GetStaticDoubleField(this, clazz, fieldID); }

    void SetStaticObjectField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jobject value)
    { functions->SetStaticObjectField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }
    void SetStaticBooleanField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jboolean value)
    { functions->SetStaticBooleanField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }
    void SetStaticByteField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jbyte value)
    { functions->SetStaticByteField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }
    void SetStaticCharField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jchar value)
    { functions->SetStaticCharField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }
    void SetStaticShortField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jshort value)
    { functions->SetStaticShortField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }
    void SetStaticIntField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jint value)
    { functions->SetStaticIntField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }
    void SetStaticLongField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jlong value)
    { functions->SetStaticLongField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }
    void SetStaticFloatField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jfloat value)
    { functions->SetStaticFloatField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }
    void SetStaticDoubleField(jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, jdouble value)
    { functions->SetStaticDoubleField(this, clazz, fieldID, value); }

    jstring NewString(const jchar* unicodeChars, jsize len)
    { return functions->NewString(this, unicodeChars, len); }

    jsize GetStringLength(jstring string)
    { return functions->GetStringLength(this, string); }

    const jchar* GetStringChars(jstring string, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetStringChars(this, string, isCopy); }

    void ReleaseStringChars(jstring string, const jchar* chars)
    { functions->ReleaseStringChars(this, string, chars); }

    jstring NewStringUTF(const char* bytes)
    { return functions->NewStringUTF(this, bytes); }

    jsize GetStringUTFLength(jstring string)
    { return functions->GetStringUTFLength(this, string); }

    const char* GetStringUTFChars(jstring string, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetStringUTFChars(this, string, isCopy); }

    void ReleaseStringUTFChars(jstring string, const char* utf)
    { functions->ReleaseStringUTFChars(this, string, utf); }

    jsize GetArrayLength(jarray array)
    { return functions->GetArrayLength(this, array); }

    jobjectArray NewObjectArray(jsize length, jclass elementClass,
        jobject initialElement)
    { return functions->NewObjectArray(this, length, elementClass,
        initialElement); }

    jobject GetObjectArrayElement(jobjectArray array, jsize index)
    { return functions->GetObjectArrayElement(this, array, index); }

    void SetObjectArrayElement(jobjectArray array, jsize index, jobject value)
    { functions->SetObjectArrayElement(this, array, index, value); }

    jbooleanArray NewBooleanArray(jsize length)
    { return functions->NewBooleanArray(this, length); }
    jbyteArray NewByteArray(jsize length)
    { return functions->NewByteArray(this, length); }
    jcharArray NewCharArray(jsize length)
    { return functions->NewCharArray(this, length); }
    jshortArray NewShortArray(jsize length)
    { return functions->NewShortArray(this, length); }
    jintArray NewIntArray(jsize length)
    { return functions->NewIntArray(this, length); }
    jlongArray NewLongArray(jsize length)
    { return functions->NewLongArray(this, length); }
    jfloatArray NewFloatArray(jsize length)
    { return functions->NewFloatArray(this, length); }
    jdoubleArray NewDoubleArray(jsize length)
    { return functions->NewDoubleArray(this, length); }

    jboolean* GetBooleanArrayElements(jbooleanArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetBooleanArrayElements(this, array, isCopy); }
    jbyte* GetByteArrayElements(jbyteArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetByteArrayElements(this, array, isCopy); }
    jchar* GetCharArrayElements(jcharArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetCharArrayElements(this, array, isCopy); }
    jshort* GetShortArrayElements(jshortArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetShortArrayElements(this, array, isCopy); }
    jint* GetIntArrayElements(jintArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetIntArrayElements(this, array, isCopy); }
    jlong* GetLongArrayElements(jlongArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetLongArrayElements(this, array, isCopy); }
    jfloat* GetFloatArrayElements(jfloatArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetFloatArrayElements(this, array, isCopy); }
    jdouble* GetDoubleArrayElements(jdoubleArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetDoubleArrayElements(this, array, isCopy); }

    void ReleaseBooleanArrayElements(jbooleanArray array, jboolean* elems,
        jint mode)
    { functions->ReleaseBooleanArrayElements(this, array, elems, mode); }
    void ReleaseByteArrayElements(jbyteArray array, jbyte* elems,
        jint mode)
    { functions->ReleaseByteArrayElements(this, array, elems, mode); }
    void ReleaseCharArrayElements(jcharArray array, jchar* elems,
        jint mode)
    { functions->ReleaseCharArrayElements(this, array, elems, mode); }
    void ReleaseShortArrayElements(jshortArray array, jshort* elems,
        jint mode)
    { functions->ReleaseShortArrayElements(this, array, elems, mode); }
    void ReleaseIntArrayElements(jintArray array, jint* elems,
        jint mode)
    { functions->ReleaseIntArrayElements(this, array, elems, mode); }
    void ReleaseLongArrayElements(jlongArray array, jlong* elems,
        jint mode)
    { functions->ReleaseLongArrayElements(this, array, elems, mode); }
    void ReleaseFloatArrayElements(jfloatArray array, jfloat* elems,
        jint mode)
    { functions->ReleaseFloatArrayElements(this, array, elems, mode); }
    void ReleaseDoubleArrayElements(jdoubleArray array, jdouble* elems,
        jint mode)
    { functions->ReleaseDoubleArrayElements(this, array, elems, mode); }

    void GetBooleanArrayRegion(jbooleanArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        jboolean* buf)
    { functions->GetBooleanArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void GetByteArrayRegion(jbyteArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        jbyte* buf)
    { functions->GetByteArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void GetCharArrayRegion(jcharArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        jchar* buf)
    { functions->GetCharArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void GetShortArrayRegion(jshortArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        jshort* buf)
    { functions->GetShortArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void GetIntArrayRegion(jintArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        jint* buf)
    { functions->GetIntArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void GetLongArrayRegion(jlongArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        jlong* buf)
    { functions->GetLongArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void GetFloatArrayRegion(jfloatArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        jfloat* buf)
    { functions->GetFloatArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void GetDoubleArrayRegion(jdoubleArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        jdouble* buf)
    { functions->GetDoubleArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }

    void SetBooleanArrayRegion(jbooleanArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        const jboolean* buf)
    { functions->SetBooleanArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void SetByteArrayRegion(jbyteArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        const jbyte* buf)
    { functions->SetByteArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void SetCharArrayRegion(jcharArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        const jchar* buf)
    { functions->SetCharArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void SetShortArrayRegion(jshortArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        const jshort* buf)
    { functions->SetShortArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void SetIntArrayRegion(jintArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        const jint* buf)
    { functions->SetIntArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void SetLongArrayRegion(jlongArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        const jlong* buf)
    { functions->SetLongArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void SetFloatArrayRegion(jfloatArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        const jfloat* buf)
    { functions->SetFloatArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }
    void SetDoubleArrayRegion(jdoubleArray array, jsize start, jsize len,
        const jdouble* buf)
    { functions->SetDoubleArrayRegion(this, array, start, len, buf); }

    jint RegisterNatives(jclass clazz, const JNINativeMethod* methods,
        jint nMethods)
    { return functions->RegisterNatives(this, clazz, methods, nMethods); }

    jint UnregisterNatives(jclass clazz)
    { return functions->UnregisterNatives(this, clazz); }

    jint MonitorEnter(jobject obj)
    { return functions->MonitorEnter(this, obj); }

    jint MonitorExit(jobject obj)
    { return functions->MonitorExit(this, obj); }

    jint GetJavaVM(JavaVM** vm)
    { return functions->GetJavaVM(this, vm); }

    void GetStringRegion(jstring str, jsize start, jsize len, jchar* buf)
    { functions->GetStringRegion(this, str, start, len, buf); }

    void GetStringUTFRegion(jstring str, jsize start, jsize len, char* buf)
    { return functions->GetStringUTFRegion(this, str, start, len, buf); }

    void* GetPrimitiveArrayCritical(jarray array, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetPrimitiveArrayCritical(this, array, isCopy); }

    void ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical(jarray array, void* carray, jint mode)
    { functions->ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical(this, array, carray, mode); }

    const jchar* GetStringCritical(jstring string, jboolean* isCopy)
    { return functions->GetStringCritical(this, string, isCopy); }

    void ReleaseStringCritical(jstring string, const jchar* carray)
    { functions->ReleaseStringCritical(this, string, carray); }

    jweak NewWeakGlobalRef(jobject obj)
    { return functions->NewWeakGlobalRef(this, obj); }

    void DeleteWeakGlobalRef(jweak obj)
    { functions->DeleteWeakGlobalRef(this, obj); }

    jboolean ExceptionCheck()
    { return functions->ExceptionCheck(this); }

    jobject NewDirectByteBuffer(void* address, jlong capacity)
    { return functions->NewDirectByteBuffer(this, address, capacity); }

    void* GetDirectBufferAddress(jobject buf)
    { return functions->GetDirectBufferAddress(this, buf); }

    jlong GetDirectBufferCapacity(jobject buf)
    { return functions->GetDirectBufferCapacity(this, buf); }

    /* added in JNI 1.6 */
    jobjectRefType GetObjectRefType(jobject obj)
    { return functions->GetObjectRefType(this, obj); }
#endif /*__cplusplus*/
};

java 中启动一个线程, 新线程中jnienv 的初始化流程为:

        new Thread(){ }.start();

/libcore/ojluni/src/main/java/java/lang/Thread.java

    public Thread() {
        init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
    }

初始化赋值为

   private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name, long stackSize) {
        Thread parent = currentThread();
        if (g == null) {
            g = parent.getThreadGroup();
        }
        g.addUnstarted();
        this.group = g;

        this.target = target;
        this.priority = parent.getPriority();
        this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
        setName(name);
        init2(parent);
        this.stackSize = stackSize;
        tid = nextThreadID();
   }

private void init2(Thread parent) {
    this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
    this.inheritedAccessControlContext = AccessController.getContext();
    if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null) {
        this.inheritableThreadLocals = ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(
                parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
    }
}

线程的启动

public synchronized void start() {
    group.add(this);
    started = false;
    try {
        nativeCreate(this, stackSize, daemon);
        started = true;
    } finally {
        try {
            if (!started) {
                group.threadStartFailed(this);
            }
        } catch (Throwable ignore) {
              it will be passed up the call stack */
        }
    }
}

xref: /art/runtime/native/java_lang_Thread.cc

static void Thread_nativeCreate(JNIEnv* env, jclass, jobject java_thread, jlong stack_size,
                                jboolean daemon) {
  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
  Thread::CreateNativeThread(env, java_thread, stack_size, daemon == JNI_TRUE);
}

xref: /art/runtime/thread.cc

void Thread::CreateNativeThread(JNIEnv* env, jobject java_peer, size_t stack_size, bool is_daemon) {
  Thread* self = static_cast<JNIEnvExt*>(env)->GetSelf();

  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();

  Thread* child_thread = new Thread(is_daemon);
  child_thread->tlsPtr_.jpeer = env->NewGlobalRef(java_peer);
  stack_size = FixStackSize(stack_size);


  env->SetLongField(java_peer, WellKnownClasses::java_lang_Thread_nativePeer,
                    reinterpret_cast<jlong>(child_thread));

  std::string error_msg;
  //创建 新线程的 jni_env 对象
  std::unique_ptr<JNIEnvExt> child_jni_env_ext(
      JNIEnvExt::Create(child_thread, Runtime::Current()->GetJavaVM(), &error_msg));

  int pthread_create_result = 0;
  if (child_jni_env_ext.get() != nullptr) {
    pthread_t new_pthread;
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    //将创建jni_env 赋值给 tmp_jni_env 对象
    child_thread->tlsPtr_.tmp_jni_env = child_jni_env_ext.get();  
    //通过pthread_create 去创建 子线程, 子线程启动成功,会执行 CreateCallback 方法
    pthread_create_result = pthread_create(&new_pthread,
                                           &attr,
                                           Thread::CreateCallback,
                                           child_thread);
  }


  env->DeleteGlobalRef(child_thread->tlsPtr_.jpeer);
  child_thread->tlsPtr_.jpeer = nullptr;
  delete child_thread;
  child_thread = nullptr;
  env->SetLongField(java_peer, WellKnownClasses::java_lang_Thread_nativePeer, 0);
}

在此方法中可以看出, 创建了一个jni_env, 然后去创建子线程, 子线程创建成功, 会回调CreateCallback方法:
子线程创建流程为:

/bionic/libc/bionic/pthread_create.cpp
        pthread_create 方法
		        --->	 clone(__pthread_start, child_stack, flags, thread, &(thread->tid), tls, &(thread->tid));
		        				--->static int __pthread_start(void* arg) 
		        						--->thread->start_routine(thread->start_routine_arg); /此调用就是调用传入的CreateCallback方法

void* Thread::CreateCallback(void* arg) {
  Thread* self = reinterpret_cast<Thread*>(arg);
  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
  {
    MutexLock mu(nullptr, *Locks::runtime_shutdown_lock_);
    //有走的是Thread的init 方法, 和之前一样了,
    //在init 方法中, 会将创建的 tmp_jni_env 赋值给jni_env
    CHECK(self->Init(runtime->GetThreadList(), runtime->GetJavaVM(), self->tlsPtr_.tmp_jni_env));
    self->tlsPtr_.tmp_jni_env = nullptr;
    Runtime::Current()->EndThreadBirth();
  }
  return nullptr;
}