1、构建MAVEN项目
pom.xml内容:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.chenfeng.xiaolyuh</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-mvc-student</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<!-- Generic properties -->
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<!-- Web -->
<jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>
<!-- Spring -->
<spring-framework.version>4.1.5.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
<!-- Logging -->
<logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring MVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring and Transactions -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 其他web依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 使用SLF4J和LogBack作为日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.logback-extensions</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-ext-spring</artifactId>
<version>0.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!--对json和xml格式的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- file upload -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 非必需,可简化IO操作 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、日志配置
在src/main/resources目录下,新建logback用类配置日志,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds">
<contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator">
<resetJUL>true</resetJUL>
</contextListener>
<jmxConfigurator />
<appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>E:/workspace/spring-ecosystem-student/spring-mvc-student/logs/log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
<maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
</rollingPolicy>
<encoder>
<pattern>%-4relative %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} - [%thread] %-5level %class - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>logbak: %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 将org.springframework.web包下的类的日志级别设置为DEBUG,
我们开发Spring MVC经常出现和参数类型相关的4XX错误,设置此项我们可以看到更相信的信息 -->
<logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG" />
<root level="debug">
<appender-ref ref="console" />
<appender-ref ref="file" />
</root>
</configuration>
3、演示页面
在src/main/resources下简历views目录【Spring boot的放置页面的方式】,并在此项目下新建index.jsp,内容如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
Welcome to Spring MVC world
</pre>
</body>
</html>
4、Spring MVC配置
package com.chenfeng.xiaolyuh.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
/**
* MVC 配置类。这里我们配置了一个jsp的ViewResolver,用来映射路径和实际页面的位置,
* 其中@EnableWebMvc注解会开启一些默认的配置,如一些ViewResolver或者MessageConverter
* @author yuhao.wang
* @Date 2017年3月29日 下午3:41:20
*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.chenfeng.xiaolyuh")
public class MvcConfig {
@Bean
public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/");// 运行时代码会将页面自动编译到/WEB-INF/classes/views/下
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
return viewResolver;
}
}
ViewResolver,这是Spring MVC视图(jsp下就是html)渲染的核心机制;ViewResolver是Spring MVC中的一个借口,我们的ViewResolver都实现该接口,实现该接口要重写resolveViewName(),这个方法返回值是接口View,而View的职责就是使用model、request、response对象,并将渲染的视图返回给浏览器(这里的视图不一定是html,可能是json、XML、pdf等)。
5、web配置类
package com.chenfeng.xiaolyuh.config;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic;
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import ch.qos.logback.ext.spring.web.LogbackConfigListener;
/**
* web配置类。程序的入口
* WebApplicationInitializer类是Spring提供用来配置Servlet3.0+配置的接口,从而实现了代替web.xml的位置。
* 实现此接口将会自动被SpringServletContainerInitializer获取到,SpringServletContainerInitializer用来启动Servlet3.0容器。
* 容器启动时会自动扫描当前服务中ServletContainerInitializer的实现类,并调用其onStartup方法,
* 其参数Set<Class<?>> c,可通过在实现类上声明注解javax.servlet.annotation.HandlesTypes(xxx.class)注解自动注入,
* @HandlesTypes会自动扫描项目中所有的xxx.class的实现类,并将其全部注入Set。
* @author yuhao.wang
*/
public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer{
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
// 新建一个WebApplicationContext的注册配置类,并和当前的servletContext关联
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
context.register(MvcConfig.class);
context.setServletContext(servletContext);
// 注册Spring mvc的DispatchServlet
Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(context));
servlet.addMapping("/");
servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
// 日志配置(如果 classpath 里有 logback.xml文件, logback 会试图用它进行自我配置,所以下面两句代码可以不写)
servletContext.setInitParameter("logbackConfigLocation", "classpath:logback.xml");
servletContext.addListener(LogbackConfigListener.class);
}
}
6、简单控制器
package com.chenfeng.xiaolyuh.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller// 声明是一个控制器
public class HelloController {
// 通过@RequestMapping配置URL和方法之间的映射
@RequestMapping("index")
public String hello() {
// 通过InternalResourceViewResolver的Bean配置,说明我们的放置路径是/WEB-INF/classes/views/index.jsp
return "index";
}
}