JAVA基础之IO流

        在Java语言中，输入和输出都被称为抽象得流，流可以被看做一组有序的字节集合，及数据在两设备之间的传输。

        流的本质是数据传输，根据处理数据类型的不同，流可以分为两大类：字节流和字符流。字节流以字节（8bit）为单位，包含两个抽象类：InputStream,OutputStream.字段流以字符（16bit）为单位，根据码表映射字符，一次可以读取多个字节，它包含两个抽象类：Reader和Writer。字节流和字符流最主要的区别为：字节流在处理输入输出时不会用到缓存，而字符流用到了缓存。Java Io类在设计时采用了Decorator（装饰者）设计模式。（以下图片转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/shitouer/archive/2012/12/19/2823641.html）

各种流得使用场景：

字符流和字节流的主要区别：

         1.字节流读取的时候，读到一个字节就返回一个字节；字符流使用了字节流读到一个或多个字节（中文对应的字节数是两个，在UTF-8码表中是3个字节）时。先去查指定的编码表，将查到的字符返回。

         2.字节流可以处理所有类型数据，如：图片，MP3，AVI视频文件，而字符流只能处理字符数据。只要是处理纯文本数据，就要优先考虑使用字符流，除此之外都用字节流。

下面对各个字节流进行举例

        1.FileInputStream和FileOutputStream 

        对文本进行操作得字符流

public class Test2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FileInputStream fi = null;
		FileOutputStream fo = null;
		try {
			fi = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\新建文本文档.txt"));
			fo = new FileOutputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\新建文本文档 (2).txt"));
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
			while (fi.read(b) > -1) {
				sb.append(new String(b, "UTF-8"));
				fo.write(b);
			}
			System.out.println(sb.toString());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (fi != null) {
				try {
					fi.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (fo != null) {
				try {
					fo.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

        2.BufferedInputStream和 BufferedOutStream

        带有缓冲区得字节流，在读取数据时，先将数据放到缓冲区中，这样可以减少对数据源的访问，提高程序得运行效率。再写代码的时候，out.txt总是写不进去，后来想起带缓冲区得输出流要记得flush一下。觉得这个流可以用做处理：图片或者压缩包。

public class Test2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FileInputStream fi = null;
		FileOutputStream fo = null;
		BufferedInputStream bs = null;
		BufferedOutputStream bo = null;
		try {
			fi = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\新建文本文档.txt"));
			bs = new BufferedInputStream(fi);
			fo = new FileOutputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\out.txt"));
			bo = new BufferedOutputStream(fo);
			
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
			int len = 0;
			while((len = bs.read(b)) > 0) {
				bs.read(b);
				sb.append(new String(b,"UTF-8"));
				bo.write(b, 0, len);
				bo.flush();//要加这个
			}
			System.out.println(sb.toString());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (fi != null) {
				try {
					fi.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (fo != null) {
				try {
					fo.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (bo != null) {
				try {
					bo.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (bs != null) {
				try {
					bs.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			
		}
	}
}

3.DataInputStream和DataOutStream

        也叫数据流，用来操作基本数据类型。要读取Int类型得值，就用readInt()方法; 读取char类型得值，就用它的readChar()方法。它还可以使用readUTF()方法读取字符串。

public class Test2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FileInputStream fi = null;
		FileOutputStream fo = null;
		DataInputStream ds = null;
		DataOutputStream dos = null;
		try {
			fi = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\新建文本文档.txt"));
			ds = new DataInputStream(fi);
			fo = new FileOutputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\新建文本文档.txt"));
			dos = new DataOutputStream(fo);
			dos.writeDouble(1.0);
			dos.writeInt(123);
			dos.writeUTF("你好a");
			System.out.println(ds.readDouble());
			System.out.println(ds.readInt());
			System.out.println(ds.readUTF());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (fi != null) {
				try {
					fi.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (fo != null) {
				try {
					fo.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (ds != null) {
				try {
					ds.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (dos != null) {
				try {
					dos.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			
		}
	}
}

打开文档，里面的内容是这样的

字符流举例

1.FileReader和FileWriter

public class Test2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FileReader fr = null;
		FileWriter fw = null;
		try {
			fr = new FileReader(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\新建文本文档.txt"));
			fw = new FileWriter(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\out.txt"));
			char[] buf = new char[1024];
			int num = 0;
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			while ((num = fr.read(buf)) != -1) {
				sb.append(new String(buf, 0, num));
				fw.write(buf, 0, num);
			}
			System.out.println(new String(sb.toString().getBytes(), "UTF-8"));// 这里不转乱码
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (fr != null) {
				try {
					fr.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (fw != null) {
				try {
					fw.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

		}
	}
}

2.BufferedReader和BufferWriter

public class Test2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FileReader fr = null;
		FileWriter fw = null;
		BufferedReader bf = null;
		BufferedWriter bw = null;
		try {
			fr = new FileReader(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\新建文本文档.txt"));
			fw = new FileWriter(new File("C:\\Users\\gj\\Desktop\\out.txt"));
			bf = new BufferedReader(fr);
			bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
			String buffer = "";
			while ((buffer = bf.readLine()) != null) {
				System.out.println(buffer);
				bw.write(buffer);
				bw.flush();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (fr != null) {
				try {
					fr.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (fw != null) {
				try {
					fw.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (bf != null) {
				try {
					bf.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (bw != null) {
				try {
					bw.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}

		}
	}
}