SQL维护命令

常用SQL维护命令

物理信息

1. 查看表的占用空间 sp_spaceused
2. 查看物理状态 ,通过视图查看表的物理状态
   SELECT * FROM SYS.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID('Northwind'),object_id('NewOrders'),NULL,NULL,'detailed')

执行计划

--只显示何执行语句的详细信息。
SET SHOWPLAN_TEXT ON 
--SQL Server 返回有关语句执行情况的详细信息，并估计语句对资源的需求。
SET SHOWPLAN_ALL ON 

统计信息

--物理统计信息
SET STATISTICS IO ON
--时间统计信息
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
sp_helpstats
DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS(Customers,ContactName)

索引信息

--获取缺少索引的表
SELECT migs.group_handle, mid.* 
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats AS migs 
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups AS mig 
ON (migs.group_handle = mig.index_group_handle) 
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details AS mid 
ON (mig.index_handle = mid.index_handle) 
WHERE migs.group_handle = 2
--索引碎片查询
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED 
SELECT 
DB_NAME() AS DatbaseName 
, SCHEMA_NAME(o.Schema_ID) AS SchemaName 
, OBJECT_NAME(s.[object_id]) AS TableName 
, i.name AS IndexName 
, ROUND(s.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,2) AS [Fragmentation %] 
INTO #TempFragmentation 
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(db_id(),null, null, null, null) s 
INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON s.[object_id] = i.[object_id] 
AND s.index_id = i.index_id 
INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON i.object_id = O.object_id 
WHERE 1=2 
EXEC sp_MSForEachDB 'USE [?]; 
INSERT INTO #TempFragmentation 
SELECT TOP 20 
DB_NAME() AS DatbaseName 
, SCHEMA_NAME(o.Schema_ID) AS SchemaName 
, OBJECT_NAME(s.[object_id]) AS TableName 
, i.name AS IndexName 
, ROUND(s.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,2) AS [Fragmentation %] 
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(db_id(),null, null, null, null) s 
INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON s.[object_id] = i.[object_id] 
AND s.index_id = i.index_id 
INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON i.object_id = O.object_id 
WHERE s.database_id = DB_ID() 
AND i.name IS NOT NULL 
AND OBJECTPROPERTY(s.[object_id], ''IsMsShipped'') = 0 
ORDER BY [Fragmentation %] DESC' 
SELECT top 20 * FROM #TempFragmentation ORDER BY [Fragmentation %] DESC 
DROP TABLE #TempFragmentation
--未使用的索引
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED 
SELECT 
DB_NAME() AS DatbaseName 
, SCHEMA_NAME(O.Schema_ID) AS SchemaName 
, OBJECT_NAME(I.object_id) AS TableName 
, I.name AS IndexName 
INTO #TempNeverUsedIndexes 
FROM sys.indexes I INNER JOIN sys.objects O ON I.object_id = O.object_id 
WHERE 1=2 
EXEC sp_MSForEachDB 'USE [?]; 
INSERT INTO #TempNeverUsedIndexes 
SELECT 
DB_NAME() AS DatbaseName 
, SCHEMA_NAME(O.Schema_ID) AS SchemaName 
, OBJECT_NAME(I.object_id) AS TableName 
, I.NAME AS IndexName 
FROM sys.indexes I INNER JOIN sys.objects O ON I.object_id = O.object_id 
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats S ON S.object_id = I.object_id 
AND I.index_id = S.index_id 
AND DATABASE_ID = DB_ID() 
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(O.object_id,''IsMsShipped'') = 0 
AND I.name IS NOT NULL 
AND S.object_id IS NULL' 
SELECT * FROM #TempNeverUsedIndexes 
ORDER BY DatbaseName, SchemaName, TableName, IndexName 
DROP TABLE #TempNeverUsedIndexes
--经常更新,不适合做索引
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED 
SELECT 
DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName 
, SCHEMA_NAME(o.Schema_ID) AS SchemaName 
, OBJECT_NAME(s.[object_id]) AS TableName 
, i.name AS IndexName 
, s.user_updates 
, s.system_seeks + s.system_scans + s.system_lookups 
AS [System usage] 
INTO #TempUnusedIndexes 
FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats s 
INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON s.[object_id] = i.[object_id] 
AND s.index_id = i.index_id 
INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON i.object_id = O.object_id 
WHERE 1=2 
EXEC sp_MSForEachDB 'USE [?]; 
INSERT INTO #TempUnusedIndexes 
SELECT TOP 20 
DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName 
, SCHEMA_NAME(o.Schema_ID) AS SchemaName 
, OBJECT_NAME(s.[object_id]) AS TableName 
, i.name AS IndexName 
, s.user_updates 
, s.system_seeks + s.system_scans + s.system_lookups 
AS [System usage] 
FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats s 
INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON s.[object_id] = i.[object_id] 
AND s.index_id = i.index_id 
INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON i.object_id = O.object_id 
WHERE s.database_id = DB_ID() 
AND OBJECTPROPERTY(s.[object_id], ''IsMsShipped'') = 0 
AND s.user_seeks = 0 
AND s.user_scans = 0 
AND s.user_lookups = 0 
AND i.name IS NOT NULL 
ORDER BY s.user_updates DESC' 
SELECT TOP 20 * FROM #TempUnusedIndexes ORDER BY [user_updates] DESC 
DROP TABLE #TempUnusedIndexes

缓存类

--清除缓存
DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS
--使存储过程和触发器在下次运行时重新编译。具体方法是：从过程缓存中删除现有计划，强制在下次运行该过程或触发器时创建新计划,详细见
[详细见这个链接](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/previous-versions/sql/sql-server-2008-r2/ms181647%28v=sql.105%29?redirectedfrom=MSDN)-r2/ms181647(v=sql.105)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
sp_recompile [ @objname= ] 'object'

进程信息类

--查询进程信息
SELECT * FROM sys.sysprocesses
--查询死锁进程
SELECT * FROM sys.sysprocesses
WHERE blocked =1 AND dbid=DB_ID('数据库名称')
--或
SELECT resource_type, OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id),  
    request_status, request_mode,request_session_id,  
    resource_description   
    FROM sys.dm_tran_locks  
    WHERE resource_database_id =DB_ID('数据库名称')
	AND resource_type='OBJECT'

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持续更新中