C++ string中find() ,rfind() 等函数 用法总结及示例
string中 find()的应用 (rfind() 类似,只是从反向查找)
原型如下:
(1)size_t find (const string& str, size_t pos = 0) const; //查找对象--
string类对象
(2)size_t find (const char* s, size_t pos = 0) const; //查找对象--
字符串
(3)size_t find (const char* s, size_t pos, size_t n) const; //查找对象--
字符串的前n个字符
(4)size_t find (char c, size_t pos = 0) const; //查找对象--
字符
结果:找到 -- 返回 第一个字符的索引
没找到--返回 string::npos
示例:
- #include <iostream> // std::cout
- #include <string> // std::string
- int main ()
- {
- std::string str ("There are two needles in this haystack with needles.");
- std::string str2 ("needle");
- // different member versions of find in the same order as above:
- std::size_t found = str.find(str2);
- if (found!=std::string::npos)
- std::cout << "first 'needle' found at: " << found << '\n';
- found=str.find("needles are small",found+1,6);
- if (found!=std::string::npos)
- std::cout << "second 'needle' found at: " << found << '\n';
- found=str.find("haystack");
- if (found!=std::string::npos)
- std::cout << "'haystack' also found at: " << found << '\n';
- found=str.find('.');
- if (found!=std::string::npos)
- std::cout << "Period found at: " << found << '\n';
- // let's replace the first needle:
- str.replace(str.find(str2),str2.length(),"preposition"); //replace 用法
- std::cout << str << '\n';
- return 0;
- }
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <string> // std::string
int main ()
{
std::string str ("There are two needles in this haystack with needles.");
std::string str2 ("needle");
// different member versions of find in the same order as above:
std::size_t found = str.find(str2);
if (found!=std::string::npos)
std::cout << "first 'needle' found at: " << found << '\n';
found=str.find("needles are small",found+1,6);
if (found!=std::string::npos)
std::cout << "second 'needle' found at: " << found << '\n';
found=str.find("haystack");
if (found!=std::string::npos)
std::cout << "'haystack' also found at: " << found << '\n';
found=str.find('.');
if (found!=std::string::npos)
std::cout << "Period found at: " << found << '\n';
// let's replace the first needle:
str.replace(str.find(str2),str2.length(),"preposition"); //replace 用法
std::cout << str << '\n';
return 0;
}
结果:
first 'needle' found at: 14
second 'needle' found at: 44
'haystack' also found at: 30
Period found at: 51
There are two prepositions in this haystack with needles
其他还有 find_first_of(), find_last_of(), find_first_not_of(), find_last_not_of()
作用是查找 字符串中
任一个字符 满足的查找条件
string snake1("cobra");
int where = snake1.find_first_of("hark");
返回3 因为 "hark"中 各一个字符 在 snake1--cobra 中第一次出现的是 字符'r'(3为 cobra 中'r'的索引)
同理:
int where = snake1.find_last_of("hark");
返回4 因为 "hark"中 各一个字符 在 snake1--cobra 中最后一次出现的是 字符'a'(3为 cobra 中'r'的索引)
rfind全名reversefind
与find相反,
- size_type rfind( const basic_string &str, size_type index );
- size_type rfind( const char *str, size_type index );
- size_type rfind( const char *str, size_type index, size_type num );
- size_type rfind( char ch, size_type index );
size_type rfind( const basic_string &str, size_type index );
size_type rfind( const char *str, size_type index );
size_type rfind( const char *str, size_type index, size_type num );
size_type rfind( char ch, size_type index );
rfind()函数:
- 返回最后一个与str中的某个字符匹配的字符,从index开始查找。如果没找到就返回string::npos
- 返回最后一个与str中的某个字符匹配的字符,从index开始查找,最多查找num个字符。如果没找到就返回string::npos
- 返回最后一个与ch匹配的字符,从index开始查找。如果没找到就返回string::npos
这里要注意与find不同的地方,rfind是从左往右数index个位置,这里作为基准index,然后从这里开始,从右往左数到第一次出现目标的位置。
find是在基准index从左往右数
例子
- #include <cstring>
- #include <iostream>
- int main()
- {
- int loc;
- std::string s = "My cat's breath smells like cat food.";
- loc = s.rfind( "breath", 8 );
- std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
- //-1
- loc = s.rfind( "breath", 9 );
- std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
- //9
- loc = s.rfind( "breath", 20 );
- std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
- //9
- std::string ss = "Hi Bill, I'm ill, so please pay the bill";
- loc = ss.rfind("ill");
- std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
- //37
- loc = ss.rfind("ill",20);
- std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
- //13
- }
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
int loc;
std::string s = "My cat's breath smells like cat food.";
loc = s.rfind( "breath", 8 );
std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
//-1
loc = s.rfind( "breath", 9 );
std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
//9
loc = s.rfind( "breath", 20 );
std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
//9
std::string ss = "Hi Bill, I'm ill, so please pay the bill";
loc = ss.rfind("ill");
std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
//37
loc = ss.rfind("ill",20);
std::cout << "The word breath is at index " << loc << std::endl;
//13
}