FileProvider共享文件、缓存的使用

FileProvider 是一个特殊的 ContentProvider 的子类,它使用 content:// Uri 代替了 file:/// Uri.
从而更便利而且安全的为另一个app分享文件。
使用FileProvider前需要在 AndroidManifest.xml中进行配置:

  <provider
        android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider" //provider的类名
        android:authorities="com.example.myapp.fileprovider"   //没有特定要求,自定义
        android:exported="false"                               //不建议设置为true
        android:grantUriPermissions="true">               //允许你有给其赋予临时访问权限的权力
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
            android:resource="@xml/provider_paths"/>     //定义资源路径
    </provider>

这里是直接使用的v4包中的FileProvider,我们也可以直接继承FileProvider类,适当重写重载函数,但不建议如此做。下面来介绍上面的几个设置:
android:name: provider的类名, 若使用默认的v4的FileProvider可使用”android.support.v4.content.FileProvider”,也可以设置为自定义的继承FileProvider的provider类;
android:authorities: 一个签名认证,可以自定义,但在获取uri的时候需要保持一致;
android:grantUriPermissions: 使用FileProvider的时候需要我们给留出的URI赋予临时访问权限(READ和WRITE),该设置是允许我们行使该项权力;
meta-data: meta-data配置的是我们可以访问的文件的路径配置信息,需要使用xml文件进行配置,FileProvider会通过解析xml文件获取配置项,其中name名字不可改变,应为:android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS,resource为配置路径信息的配置项目。

创建res/xml/fileprovider_paths.xml文件,并配置路径:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path
        name="storage"
        path="../../../"/>
    <cache-path
        name="cache-path"
        path="."></cache-path>
    <external-cache-path
        name="external-cache-path"
        path="."></external-cache-path>
    <external-files-path
        name="external-files-path"
        path="."></external-files-path>
</paths>

在这个文件中,为每个目录添加一个XML元素指定目录。
paths 可以添加多个子路径:
分享app内部的存储, Context.getFilesDir();
分享外部的存储,Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
分享内部缓存目录。(我遇到的就是分享的缓存) getCacheDir();

其中属性的意思,如:
path=”../../../”
name=”storage”
组成的路径就是Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + “../../../”+“storage”;
若此处Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() 的值为/storage/emulated/0/,则完整的路径为:
/storage/emulated/0/../../../storage, 即 /storage。意思就是共享/storage目录下及其子目录下的文件

FileProvider的使用
若要获取IMG_20171111_110012.jpg文件的uri,代码如下:

String auth = "com.example.myapp.fileprovider";
String filePath = "/storage/506C-181E/DCIM/CameraVr/IMG_20171111_110012.jpg";
File file = new File(filePath );
 Uri uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, auth, file);
package com.example.tigongzhe; import android.R.integer; import android.content.ContentProvider; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.content.UriMatcher; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.net.Uri; import android.provider.SyncStateContract.Helpers; import android.text.Selection; import android.util.Log; public class provider extends ContentProvider { private MyOpenHelper myOpenHelper; private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase; private static final UriMatcher URI_MATCHER=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); private final String TAG="provider"; private static final String authority="com.example.tigongzhe.provider"; static { URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter", 1); URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter/#", 2); } private static final String _id="id"; private static final String name="name"; private static final String num="num"; @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myOpenHelper=new MyOpenHelper(getContext(), DB_Name, null, version_1); return true; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 2: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/contacter"; case 1: return "vnd.android.dir.item/contacter"; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); break; case 2: long id=sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id); default: break; } return uri; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3, String arg4) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Cursor cursor; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); arg2=(arg2==null||"".equals(arg2.trim()))? _id+"="+id:arg2+"and"+_id+"="+id; cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("参数错误"); } return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))? _id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); default: break; } return num; } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))?_id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } return num; } private final String DB_Name = "mydb.db"; private final String Table_Name="contacter"; private final int version_1=1; private class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public MyOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); } /** * @description 当数据表无连接创建新的表 */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { String sql = " create table if not exists " + Table_Name + "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + "name varchar(64),num varchar(64))"; db.execSQL(sql); } /** * @description 当版本更新触发的方法 */ @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { String sql = " drop table if exists " + Table_Name; db.execSQL(sql); onCreate(db); } } } +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.tigongzhe" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="18" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="com.example.tigongzhe.MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <provider android:name=".provider" android:authorities="com.example.tigongzhe.provider" android:multiprocess="true" android:exported="true" android:permission="com.example.tigongzhe.permission" ></provider> </application> <permission android:name="com.example.tigongzhe.permission" android:protectionLevel="normal"></permission> </manifest> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++package com.example.tigongzhe; import android.R.integer; import android.content.ContentProvider; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.content.UriMatcher; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.net.Uri; import android.provider.SyncStateContract.Helpers; import android.text.Selection; import android.util.Log; public class provider extends ContentProvider { private MyOpenHelper myOpenHelper; private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase; private static final UriMatcher URI_MATCHER=new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); private final String TAG="provider"; private static final String authority="com.example.tigongzhe.provider"; static { URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter", 1); URI_MATCHER.addURI(authority, "contacter/#", 2); } private static final String _id="id"; private static final String name="name"; private static final String num="num"; @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub myOpenHelper=new MyOpenHelper(getContext(), DB_Name, null, version_1); return true; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 2: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/contacter"; case 1: return "vnd.android.dir.item/contacter"; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); break; case 2: long id=sqLiteDatabase.insert(Table_Name, name, values); ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id); default: break; } return uri; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3, String arg4) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Cursor cursor; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); arg2=(arg2==null||"".equals(arg2.trim()))? _id+"="+id:arg2+"and"+_id+"="+id; cursor=sqLiteDatabase.query(Table_Name, arg1, arg2, arg3, null, null,arg4); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("参数错误"); } return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))? _id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.update(Table_Name, values,selection, selectionArgs); default: break; } return num; } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int num=0; sqLiteDatabase=myOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int flag=URI_MATCHER.match(uri); switch (flag) { case 1: num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); break; case 2: long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri); selection=(selection==null||"".equals(selection.trim()))?_id+"="+id:selection+"and"+_id+"="+id; num=sqLiteDatabase.delete(Table_Name, selection, selectionArgs); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("异常参数"); } return num; } private final String DB_Name = "mydb.db"; private final String Table_Name="contacter"; private final int version_1=1; private class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public MyOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); } /** * @description 当数据表无连接创建新的表 */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { String sql = " create table if not exists " + Table_Name + "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + "name varchar(64),num varchar(64))"; db.execSQL(sql); } /** * @description 当版本更新触发的方法 */ @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { String sql = " drop table if exists " + Table_Name; db.execSQL(sql); onCreate(db); } } }
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