关于宏的特殊用法

最近研究安卓源码 发现了很多宏的特殊用法 记录下来以便日后巩固复习。

1、特殊符号 #

带有#的参数会被量化成字符数组，也就是在替换的时候给其两端加上" "。

例如：#define STR(x)  #x

 STR(a)将被替换成 "a"

2、特殊符号 ##

“##”是一种分隔连接方式，它的作用是将宏参数替换后，然后再将##两边的参数连接进行强制连接。

例如：

在普通的宏定义中，预处理器一般把空格解释成分段标志，对于每一段和前面比较，相同的就被替换。但是这样做的结果是，被替换段之间存在一些空格。如果我们不希望出现这些空格，就可以通过添加一些##来替代空格。

1 #define TYPE1(type,name)   type name_##type##_type
2 #define TYPE2(type,name)   type name##_##type##_type

TYPE1(int, c); 转换为：int 　name_int_type ; (因为##号将后面分为 name_ 、type 、 _type三组，替换后强制连接)
TYPE2(int, d);转换为： int 　d_int_type ; (因为##号将后面分为 name、_、type 、_type四组，替换后强制连接)

这个例子好好研究一下。

3、define的多行定义

　　define可以替代多行的代码，在每一个换行的时候加上一个"\"

　　#define MAX(X,Y) do { \

　　语句1; \

　　语句2; \

　　/* 注释的写法 */ \

　　} while(0) /* (no trailing ; ) */ \

4附上安卓的部分源码如下

IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(ServiceManager,"android.os.IServiceManager");

下面是这个宏的定义

#defineIMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE, NAME)                       \

    const android::String16I##INTERFACE::descriptor(NAME);            \

    const android::String16&                                            \

           I##INTERFACE::getInterfaceDescriptor() const {              \

        return I##INTERFACE::descriptor;                                \

    }                                                                  \

    android::sp<I##INTERFACE>I##INTERFACE::asInterface(               \

            constandroid::sp<android::IBinder>& obj)                   \

    {                                                                  \

        android::sp<I##INTERFACE>intr;                                 \

        if (obj != NULL) {                                              \

            intr =static_cast<I##INTERFACE*>(                          \

               obj->queryLocalInterface(                               \

                       I##INTERFACE::descriptor).get());               \

            if (intr == NULL) {                                         \

                intr = newBp##INTERFACE(obj);                         \

            }                                                           \

        }                                                              \

        return intr;                                                   \

    }                                                                  \

    I##INTERFACE::I##INTERFACE() { }                                    \

I##INTERFACE::~I##INTERFACE(){ }                                   \

很麻烦吧？尤其是宏看着头疼。赶紧兑现下吧。

const

android::String16IServiceManager::descriptor(“android.os.IServiceManager”);

constandroid::String16& IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor() const

 { return IServiceManager::descriptor;//返回上面那个android.os.IServiceManager

   }                                                                     android::sp<IServiceManager> IServiceManager::asInterface(

            constandroid::sp<android::IBinder>& obj)

    {

        android::sp<IServiceManager>intr;

        if (obj != NULL) {                                             

            intr = static_cast<IServiceManager*>(                         

                obj->queryLocalInterface(IServiceManager::descriptor).get());              

            if (intr == NULL) {                                         

                intr = new BpServiceManager(obj);                         

            }                                                          

        }                                                              

        return intr;                                                   

    }                                                                 

    IServiceManager::IServiceManager () {}                                   

    IServiceManager::~ IServiceManager() { }

 哇塞，asInterface是这么搞的啊，赶紧分析下吧，还是不知道interface_cast怎么把BpBinder*转成了IServiceManager

我们刚才解析过的interface_cast<IServiceManager>(new BpBinder(0)),

原来就是调用asInterface(new BpBinder(0))

android::sp<IServiceManager>IServiceManager::asInterface(

            constandroid::sp<android::IBinder>& obj)

    {

        android::sp<IServiceManager>intr;

        if (obj != NULL) {                                             

            ....                                      

                intr = new BpServiceManager(obj);

//神呐，终于看到和IServiceManager相关的东西了，看来

//实际返回的是BpServiceManager(new BpBinder(0))；                         

            }                                                          

        }                                                              

        return intr;                                                   

}