数据存储之使用Gson解析json文件

·在安卓中，可以使用第三方的Gson来解析json文件。

·以下是解析保存了天气信息的json文件过程：

1、向当前项目中引入Gson的第三方包。引入方法：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36418170/article/details/81430095（感谢这位博主）

2、准备好一个保存了天气信息的json文件：weather2.json

[
  {"city":"bj","temp":"23","wind":"南风3级","weather":"晴天"},
  {"city":"sh","temp":"12","wind":"南风234级","weather":"阴天"}
]

3、编写解析json的工具类WeatherService.java,提供一个静态方法

//解析json文件，返回天气信息
    public static List<WeatherInfo> getWeatherInfoFromJson(InputStream is) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];
        is.read(bytes);//将输入流读取到字节数组中
        String json = new String(bytes,"utf-8");//通过字节数组生成字符串
        //使用Gson
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        Type listType = new TypeToken<List<WeatherInfo>>(){}.getType();  //获得Json转换目标类型
        List<WeatherInfo> list = gson.fromJson(json, listType);
        return list;
    }

4、编写一个简单的界面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/city"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/temp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/wind"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/weather"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_bj"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bj"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_sh"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="sh"
        />
</LinearLayout>

5、在activity中调用工具类，对界面中的TextView的text进行赋值

package cn.edu.sjzc;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private TextView tv_city;
    private TextView tv_temp;
    private TextView tv_wind;
    private TextView tv_weather;
    List<Map<String,String>> list;
    private Map<String,String> map;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //初始化控件
        initView();

        //解析Json
       InputStream inputStream = getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.weather2);//得到Json文件
        try {
            List<WeatherInfo> weatherInfos = WeatherService.getWeatherInfoFromJson(inputStream);
            list = new ArrayList<>();
            for (WeatherInfo weatherInfo:weatherInfos) {
                map = new HashMap<>();
                map.put("city",weatherInfo.getCity());
                map.put("temp",weatherInfo.getTemp());
                map.put("wind",weatherInfo.getWind());
                map.put("weather",weatherInfo.getWeather());
                list.add(map);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //自定义方法，讲天气信息传到Textview中
        getMap(0);
    }

    private void getMap(int number) {
        Map<String,String> oneMap = list.get(number);//取出一个mapper
        String city = oneMap.get("city");
        String temp = oneMap.get("temp");
        String wind = oneMap.get("wind");
        String weather = oneMap.get("weather");
        tv_city.setText(city);
        tv_temp.setText(temp);
        tv_wind.setText(wind);
        tv_weather.setText(weather);
    }

    private void initView() {
         tv_city= findViewById(R.id.city);
         tv_temp = findViewById(R.id.temp);
         tv_wind = findViewById(R.id.wind);
         tv_weather = findViewById(R.id.weather);
         findViewById(R.id.bt_bj).setOnClickListener(this);
         findViewById(R.id.bt_sh).setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.bt_bj://说明点击的是北京
                getMap(0);
                break;
            case R.id.bt_sh:
                getMap(1);
                break;
        }
    }
}

6、运行查看效果：