一.在看一下代码之前需要简单了解wifi的基本知识
802.11 协议 : wifi 用到的是 802.11b,802.11g( 是 802.11b 的 后继标准 )
station :携带无线网卡的设备,如智能手机,笔记本 , 底层会启动 wpa-supplicant: 实现 station 对无线网络的管理和控制功能。
AP : accesspoint 本身也是一个 station, 能为关联的 STA 提供分布式 服务( ds ),如路由器
DS : distributionservice: 分布式服务 ,BSS 和 LAN 组合在一起构成 一个 ESS 的就是 ds,ds 一般是指有线网络(通过它接入互联网)
BSS : BasicService Set, 是由上述原件组成的网络
基础结构型 BSS : 通常是指的 Infrastructurebasic Service Set, 有 AP参与。
独立型 BSS : 通常是指 IndependentBSS, 不需要 AP, 各个 STA 直接互 联,自组网络对等网络,通常我们所说的 BSS 是指基础结构型
ESS : ExtendedService Set 扩展服务集,包含一个或者多个 BSS.
SSID : ServiceSet Identification: 网络名
BSSID : 在基础结构型网络中,他就是 ap 的 MAC 地址,在独立型 BSS 中为随机生成,
wpa-supplicant : 使得无线网卡工作在 managed 模式,
softap : 软 AP 底层启动 :hostapd 的后台管理进程, 常见的为 hotspot
hostapd : 切换为 master 模式,模拟 AP, 建立一个无线开放的网络,
在谷歌提供的安卓源码中,网址如下:http://androidxref.com ,初学者学习,分析,留疑问,并且长期更新,修改错误,补充。
二.安卓的系统wifi模块,一般在设置----->Wifi中WifiSettings显示的就是打开wifi的那个界面
需要先了解一些wifi模块的API如WifiManager类等。
WifiSettings继承SettingsPreferenceFragment,具有fragement的生命周期(可百度看一下)如sethasOptionsMenu(true)这方法是Fragment中的.界面一般包括
1.switchbar (控制开关,在WifiEnaber中实现),控制wifi的开关,
主要用WifiEnabler中的onSwitchChanged方法中实现调用 wifiManager 的setWifiEnabled(boolean ischeck)方法进行开关
preferenceScreen(用来显示ap(如路由器)列表)
2.OptionsMenu
选项菜单,通过 sethasOptionsMenu(true) 会自动调用oncreateOptionsMenu方法,方法中调用addOptionsMenuItems进行初始
包括新增网络,保存的网络,刷新,高级( 会有条件具体显示的菜单 ,如通过savedNetworksExist来判断“保存的网络”是否显示在菜单上)
3.ContextMenu
长按AP会弹出内容菜单,通过RegisterForContextMenu(listview),会自动调用OnCreateContextMenu方法.
包括连接,忘记,修改,写入NFC的功能(会有条件具体显示的菜单,如连接的,保存的,未连接的的ap)
三.这些方法在wifiSettings中都有具体的实现代码,可以分析
WifiSettings位于packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSettings.java
其中有两个类,其中的Multimap为多重映射,在 constructAccessPoints方法中会被调用
Multimap<String,AccessPoint> apMap = new Multimap<String, AccessPoint>()
apMap 用来存放 ssid 与 accesspoint 的键值,其中,相同的键可以有多个值(意味着可能存在 ssid 相同的多个 ap )
1.负责扫描,发送消息扫描,间隔 10 秒, startScan(), 连续三次扫描都失败就停止扫描。这个类在WifiSettings构造方法中被初始化.
private static class Scanner extends Handler {
private int mRetry = 0;
private WifiSettings mWifiSettings = null;
Scanner(WifiSettings wifiSettings) {
mWifiSettings = wifiSettings;
}
void resume() {
if (!hasMessages(0)) {
sendEmptyMessage(0);
}
}
void forceScan() {
removeMessages(0);
sendEmptyMessage(0);
}
void pause() {
mRetry = 0;
removeMessages(0);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message message) {
if (mWifiSettings.mWifiManager.startScan()) {
mRetry = 0; //当中有一次扫描成功mRetry=0
} else if (++mRetry >= 3) { //开始扫描的操作失败mRetry+1与3比较,超过三次就return
mRetry = 0;
Activity activity = mWifiSettings.getActivity();
if (activity != null) {
Toast.makeText(activity, R.string.wifi_fail_to_scan, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
return;
}
sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, WIFI_RESCAN_INTERVAL_MS); //每隔10秒,发起扫描的操作
}
}
2.在wifiSettings构造方法中,增加了Intent过滤器和广播接受者,其中广播接受者的时间在HandleEvent(Intent intent)中处理,但是我有一个问题:为啥过滤器中注册了8个Action.
public WifiSettings() {
super(DISALLOW_CONFIG_WIFI);
mFilter = new IntentFilter();
mFilter.addAction(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
mFilter.addAction(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION);
mFilter.addAction(WifiManager.NETWORK_IDS_CHANGED_ACTION);
mFilter.addAction(WifiManager.SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
mFilter.addAction(WifiManager.CONFIGURED_NETWORKS_CHANGED_ACTION);
mFilter.addAction(WifiManager.LINK_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED_ACTION);
mFilter.addAction(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
mFilter.addAction(WifiManager.RSSI_CHANGED_ACTION);
mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
handleEvent(intent);
}
};
mScanner = new Scanner(this);
}
疑问:但是在HandleEvent方法中却只有6个action的处理,NETWORK_IDS_CHANGED_ACTION与SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION却没有处理,那么加入的目的?
3.HandleEvent处理广播的代码
private void handleEvent(Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
updateWifiState(intent.getIntExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE,
WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN)); //更新wifi状态改变,Enabled Enabling Disabled
} else if (WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION.equals(action) ||
WifiManager.CONFIGURED_NETWORKS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action) ||
WifiManager.LINK_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
updateAccessPoints(); //更新AccessPoints
} else if (WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
NetworkInfo info = (NetworkInfo) intent.getParcelableExtra(
WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
mConnected.set(info.isConnected());
changeNextButtonState(info.isConnected());
updateAccessPoints();
updateNetworkInfo(info); //更新ap再更新网络信息
} else if (WifiManager.RSSI_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
updateNetworkInfo(null);
}
}
4.不同的action对应处理不同的事件
WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION:当wifi状态改变的时候,updataWifiState(int state),根据不同的状态,做不同的处理:
private void updateWifiState(int state) {
Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity != null) {
activity.invalidateOptionsMenu();
}
switch (state) {
case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLED:
mScanner.resume(); //enabled的时候,发送扫描信息startScan()
return; // not break, to avoid the call to pause() below //避免调用mScanner.pause()停止扫描
case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLING:
addMessagePreference(R.string.wifi_starting); //加入“正在打开wifi”
break;
case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_DISABLED:
setOffMessage(); //wifi不可用的时候,显示一些其他信息(通过provider判断)
break;
}
mLastInfo = null;
mLastNetworkInfo = null;
mScanner.pause(); //停止扫描
}
第二个的判断条件中有三个action:分别对应的是
SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION:
An access point scan has completed, and results are available from the supplicant.
一个AP扫描完成,并且从supplicant获得的结果是可用的
CONFIGURED_NETWORKS_CHANGED_ACTION:
Broadcast intent action indicating that the configured networks changed. This can be as a result of adding/updating/deleting a network
广播intent的动作表明配置的网络已经改变,比如增加/更新/删除一个网络
LINK_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED_ACTION:
Broadcast intent action indicating that the link configuration changed on wifi
广播intent的动作表明连接的配置已经改变
5.在这些情况下,都会更新wifi的信息updateAccessPoints();
private void updateAccessPoints() {
// Safeguard from some delayed event handling
if (getActivity() == null) return;
if (isUiRestricted())
addMessagePreference(R.string.wifi_empty_list_user_restricted); //判断是否有限制
return;
}
final int wifiState = mWifiManager.getWifiState();
//when we update the screen, check if verbose logging has been turned on or off
mVerboseLogging = mWifiManager.getVerboseLoggingLevel();
switch (wifiState) { //根据wifi状态来处理
case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLED: //当wifi状态可用的情况下
// AccessPoints are automatically sorted with TreeSet.
final Collection<AccessPoint> accessPoints =
constructAccessPoints(getActivity(), mWifiManager, mLastInfo,
mLastNetworkInfo); //主要通过constructAccessPoints进行更新
getPreferenceScreen().removeAll();
if (accessPoints.size() == 0) {
addMessagePreference(R.string.wifi_empty_list_wifi_on); //如果ap没有,则显示“正在搜索wlan网络”
}
for (AccessPoint accessPoint : accessPoints) {
// Ignore access points that are out of range.
if (accessPoint.getLevel() != -1) {
getPreferenceScreen().addPreference(accessPoint); //遍历,增加到preferenceScreen中(可以阅读相关资料了解)
}
}
break;
case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLING:
getPreferenceScreen().removeAll(); //enabling的情况下,移出preferenceScreen中所有的ap
break;
case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_DISABLING:
addMessagePreference(R.string.wifi_stopping); //显示“正在关闭“
break;
case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_DISABLED: //不可用的时候,显示其他信息
setOffMessage();
break;
}
}
这里面最主要的方法就是constructAccessPoints这个方法了,之后在学习把。。NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION
Broadcast intent action indicating that the state of Wi-Fi connectivity has changed. One extra provides the new statewifi
连通性被改变,提供了新的状态更新ap的同时,更新NetworkInfo,在安卓5.0的情况下名字为updateConnectionState(估计认为这是网络状态?怕理解成connected的ap???)
private void updateNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
/* sticky broadcasts can call this when wifi is disabled */
if (!mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
mScanner.pause();
return;
}
if (networkInfo != null &&
networkInfo.getDetailedState() == DetailedState.OBTAINING_IPADDR) {
mScanner.pause();
} else {
mScanner.resume();
}
mLastInfo = mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
if (networkInfo != null) {
mLastNetworkInfo = networkInfo;
}
//倒序更新AccessPoint的信息,应该是更新了修改配置之后的ap的信息
for (int i = getPreferenceScreen().getPreferenceCount() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
// Maybe there's a WifiConfigPreference
Preference preference = getPreferenceScreen().getPreference(i);
if (preference instanceof AccessPoint) {
final AccessPoint accessPoint = (AccessPoint) preference;
accessPoint.update(mLastInfo, mLastNetworkInfo);
}
}
}
RSSI_CHANGED_ACTION
The RSSI (signal strength) has changed.
显而易见,这指的是信号强度被改变的action,调用updateNetworkInfo,更新一下网络信息就可以了
以上是handleEvent的处理
=============================================================================================================
之前看到在updataAccessPoints中调用了这个方法:constructAccessPoints,看一下这个方法的源码把
private static List<AccessPoint> constructAccessPoints(Context context,
WifiManager wifiManager, WifiInfo lastInfo, NetworkInfo lastNetworkInfo) {
ArrayList<AccessPoint> accessPoints = new ArrayList<AccessPoint>(); //存放ap的ArrayList,用来返回
/** Lookup table to more quickly update AccessPoints by only considering objects with the
* correct SSID. Maps SSID -> List of AccessPoints with the given SSID. */
Multimap<String, AccessPoint> apMap = new Multimap<String, AccessPoint>();//多重映射,键SSID(网络名)--值(ap)
final List<WifiConfiguration> configs = wifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();//获取手机中保存过配置的连接信息
if (configs != null) {
// Update "Saved Networks" menu option. //更新选项“saved Networks”的状态
if (savedNetworksExist != (configs.size() > 0)) { //比较式前后一致的返回值,更新Saved Networks的菜单选项 //例如:没有存储的wifi信息,那么savedNetworksExist为flase //例如:有存储的wifi信息,那么savedNetworksExist为true
savedNetworksExist = !savedNetworksExist;
if (context instanceof Activity) {
((Activity) context).invalidateOptionsMenu(); //刷新optionMenu
}
}
for (WifiConfiguration config : configs) { //对配置过的信息进行遍历
if (config.selfAdded && config.numAssociation == 0) { // Number of time we associated to this configuration
continue; //跳过本次循环
}
AccessPoint accessPoint = new AccessPoint(context, config);
if (lastInfo != null && lastNetworkInfo != null) {
accessPoint.update(lastInfo, lastNetworkInfo);
}
accessPoints.add(accessPoint); //把ap加入List中
apMap.put(accessPoint.ssid, accessPoint);
}
}
final List<ScanResult> results = wifiManager.getScanResults(); //wifi扫描结果的的处理
if (results != null) {
for (ScanResult result : results) { //遍历扫描结果
// Ignore hidden and ad-hoc networks. //忽略隐藏的(没有SSID)以及ad-hoc(IBSS?)
if (result.SSID == null || result.SSID.length() == 0 ||
result.capabilities.contains("[IBSS]")) {
continue;
}
boolean found = false; //第一次的apMap中存放了配置过的信息
for (AccessPoint accessPoint : apMap.getAll(result.SSID)) {
if (accessPoint.update(result)) //判断扫描结果ssid和security安全协议是否存在过,存在更新
found = true;
}
if (!found) { //未找到的情况下,加入accesspoints的
AccessPoint accessPoint = new AccessPoint(context, result);
if (lastInfo != null && lastNetworkInfo != null) {
accessPoint.update(lastInfo, lastNetworkInfo);
}
accessPoints.add(accessPoint);
apMap.put(accessPoint.ssid, accessPoint); //放入apMap,再次遍历会调用
}
}
}
// Pre-sort accessPoints to speed preference insertion
Collections.sort(accessPoints);
return accessPoints;
}
==============================================================================================================
7.来了解一下所有的重写的方法:OptionsMenu:调用addOptionsMenuItems方法进行初始化
void addOptionsMenuItems(Menu menu) { //这里的通过wifi是否打开的状态设置menu中元素的enable状态
final boolean wifiIsEnabled = mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled();
TypedArray ta = getActivity().getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(
new int[] {R.attr.ic_menu_add, R.attr.ic_wps});
menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ID_ADD_NETWORK, 0, R.string.wifi_add_network)
.setIcon(ta.getDrawable(0))
.setEnabled(wifiIsEnabled) //增加网络,当wifi不可用的时候为false,不能点击
.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_NEVER);
if (savedNetworksExist) {
menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ID_SAVED_NETWORK, 0, R.string.wifi_saved_access_points_label)
.setIcon(ta.getDrawable(0))
.setEnabled(wifiIsEnabled) //通过判断是否存在保存的网络,来决定显示与否
.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_NEVER);
}
menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ID_SCAN, 0, R.string.menu_stats_refresh)
.setEnabled(wifiIsEnabled)
.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_NEVER);//刷新,通过判断wifi状态来决定是否能刷新
menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ID_ADVANCED, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_advanced)
.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_NEVER); //高级选项
ta.recycle();
}
OptionMenuItems对应的点击事件为:onOptionsItemSelected,根据不同的item点开对应的dialog,当然,onCrateContextMenu中对应的点击事件为onContextItemSelected,根据不同的选项执行不同的操作。当然还有一些重写的方法,那就是生命周期的重写:如:
8.先执行构造方法,方法如下:
8.1 重写onActivityCreated(参数)
1.获得系统服务WifiManager
2.注册监听,connect,save,forget
3.savedInstanceState的状态判断,进行一些初始化
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
//获得服务
mWifiManager = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
//三种监听
mConnectListener = new WifiManager.ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reason) {
Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity != null) {
Toast.makeText(activity, R.string.wifi_failed_connect_message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
};
mSaveListener = new WifiManager.ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reason) {
Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity != null) {
Toast.makeText(activity,R.string.wifi_failed_save_message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
};
mForgetListener = new WifiManager.ActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
}
@Override
public void onFailure(int reason) {
Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity != null) {
Toast.makeText(activity, R.string.wifi_failed_forget_message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
};
if (savedInstanceState != null) {
mDlgEdit = savedInstanceState.getBoolean(SAVE_DIALOG_EDIT_MODE);
if (savedInstanceState.containsKey(SAVE_DIALOG_ACCESS_POINT_STATE)) {
mAccessPointSavedState =
savedInstanceState.getBundle(SAVE_DIALOG_ACCESS_POINT_STATE);
}
}
// if we're supposed to enable/disable the Next button based on our current connection
// state, start it off in the right state
Intent intent = getActivity().getIntent();
mEnableNextOnConnection = intent.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_ENABLE_NEXT_ON_CONNECT, false);
if (mEnableNextOnConnection) {
if (hasNextButton()) {
final ConnectivityManager connectivity = (ConnectivityManager)
getActivity().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
if (connectivity != null) {
NetworkInfo info = connectivity.getNetworkInfo( ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI);
changeNextButtonState(info.isConnected());
}
}
}
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.wifi_settings);
mEmptyView = initEmptyView();
registerForContextMenu(getListView()); //这样会调用onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu, View, ContextMenuInfo) 的方法
setHasOptionsMenu(true); //会调用onCreateOptionsMenu
if (intent.hasExtra(EXTRA_START_CONNECT_SSID)) {
String ssid = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_START_CONNECT_SSID);
updateAccessPoints();
PreferenceScreen preferenceScreen = getPreferenceScreen();
for (int i = 0; i < preferenceScreen.getPreferenceCount(); i++) {
Preference preference = preferenceScreen.getPreference(i);
if (preference instanceof AccessPoint) {
AccessPoint accessPoint = (AccessPoint) preference;
if (ssid.equals(accessPoint.ssid) && accessPoint.networkId == -1
&& accessPoint.security != AccessPoint.SECURITY_NONE) {
onPreferenceTreeClick(preferenceScreen, preference);
break;
}
}
}
}
}
8.2 重写onstart(参数)
对WifiEnabler进行创建对象:主要是对switchbar进行操作
在wifiEnabler的构造方法中,加入intent-filter来接受广播
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
// On/off switch is hidden for Setup Wizard (returns null)
mWifiEnabler = createWifiEnabler();
}
8.3 重写onResume(参数)
做了三件事情:
1.加入switchbar的广播注册,加入switch的监听
2.WifiSettings注册广播
3.更新ap
@Override
public void onResume() {
final Activity activity = getActivity();
super.onResume();
if (mWifiEnabler != null) {
mWifiEnabler.resume(activity);
}
activity.registerReceiver(mReceiver, mFilter);
updateAccessPoints();
}
8.4 重写onPause(参数)
做了三件事:
1.wifiEnabler中解除广播注册,移出switch监听
2.WifiSettings移出广播
3.停止扫描移出scanner中的message
@Override
public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
if (mWifiEnabler != null) {
mWifiEnabler.pause();
}
getActivity().unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
mScanner.pause();
}
8.5 重写onDestroyView(参数)
1.隐藏switchbar:teardownSwitchbar()
@Override
public void onDestroyView() {
super.onDestroyView();
if (mWifiEnabler != null) {
mWifiEnabler.teardownSwitchBar();
}
}