多态

 多态分为两类
    静态多态：函数重载和运算符重载属于静态多态
    动态多条：派生类和虚函数实现运行时多态

静态多态和动态多态区别：
    静态多态的函数地址早绑定-编译阶段确定函数地址
    动态多态的函数地址晚绑定-运行阶段 确定函数地址

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
class Animal
{
	public:
		//虚函数  
		virtual void speak()
		{
			cout<<"动物在说话"<<endl;
		}
};
class Cat:public Animal
{
	public:
		
		//重写：函数返回值类型、函数名、参数列表完全相同 
		virtual void speak()//此处的virtual可写可不写 
		{
			cout<<"小猫在说话"<<endl;
		}
};
//地址早绑定， 在编译阶段确定函数地址
//若要让猫说话 ，那么这个函数地址就不能早绑定，需要在运行阶段进行绑定， 也就是地址晚绑定 

//动态多态满足条件
//1.有继承关系
//2.子类重写父类的虚函数 

//动态多态使用
//父类的指针或者引用 执行子类对象 
void doSpeak(Animal &animal)
{
	animal.speak();
}
void test01()
{
	Cat cat;
	doSpeak(cat);
}
void test02()
{
	cout<<"sizeof Animal="<<sizeof(Animal)<<endl;
 } 
int main()
{
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
} 

多态实现计算器

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
class Calculator
{
	public:
		int getResult(string oper)
		{
			if(oper=="+")
			{
				return m_Num1+m_Num2;
			}
			else if(oper=="-")
			{
				return m_Num1-m_Num2;
			}
			else if(oper=="*")
			{
				m_Num1*m_Num2;
			}
		}
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};
void test01()
{
	Calculator c;
	c.m_Num1=10;
	c.m_Num2=10;
	cout<<c.m_Num1<<"+"<<c.m_Num2<<"="<<c.getResult("+")<<endl;
}

//利用多态实现计算器
//多态好处：
//1.组织结构清晰 
//2.可读性强
//3.对于前期和后期扩展以及维护性高 
//实现计算器抽象类
class AbstractCalculator
{
	public:
		virtual int getResult()
		{
			return 0;
		}
		int m_Num1;
		int m_Num2;
 }; 
 //加法计算器类
class AddCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
	public:
		int getResult()
		{
			return m_Num1+m_Num2;
		}
 };
  //减法计算器类
class SubCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
	public:
		int getResult()
		{
			return m_Num1-m_Num2;
		}
 };
 //乘法计算器类
class MulCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
	public:
		int getResult()
		{
			return m_Num1*m_Num2;
		}
 };
 
 void test02()
 {
 	//多态使用条件
	 //父类指针或者引用指向子类对象 
 	AbstractCalculator *abc=new AddCalculator;
 	abc->m_Num1=100;
 	abc->m_Num2=100;
 	cout<<abc->m_Num1<<"+"<<abc->m_Num2<<"="<<abc->getResult()<<endl;
	delete abc; //用完后记得销毁
	 
	abc=new SubCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1=100;
 	abc->m_Num2=100;
 	cout<<abc->m_Num1<<"-"<<abc->m_Num2<<"="<<abc->getResult()<<endl;
	delete abc; 
	
	abc=new MulCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1=100;
 	abc->m_Num2=100;
 	cout<<abc->m_Num1<<"*"<<abc->m_Num2<<"="<<abc->getResult()<<endl;
	delete abc;
 }
int main()
{
	//test01();
	test02();
}