hibernate关联关系（一对多）
1. 什么是关联(association)
1.1 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:
t_hibernate_order
t_hibernate_order_item
一个订单对应多个订单项
多个订单项对应一个订单
先建立两个实体类：
Order订单:
package com.xiaoyi.three.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem>orderItems=new ArrayList<>();
private Integer InitChildren = 0;//0代表默认懒加载，1代表强制加载
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return InitChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
InitChildren = initChildren;
}
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
}
}
OrderItem子订单:
package com.xiaoyi.three.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity + ", oid="
+ oid + "]";
}
}
两个配置文件:
Order.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.xiaoyi.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!--
bag标签：
name：填的要映射的关联属性名
cascade：维护管理关系
inverse:决定有谁来维护管理关系
key标签:
column:表的外键对应的列段
one-to-may:
class: 关联属性对应的类的全路径名
-->
<bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<!-- 从表的外键 -->
<key column="oid"></key>
<!-- 查询从表数据，然后形成list集合填充到orderItems属性中 -->
<one-to-many class="com.xiaoyi.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.xiaoyi.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
</property>
<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
</property>
<!--加这insert="false" update="false" 两个的false的意思是：当前name=oid的属性放弃了对oid的列段进行维护 -->
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
<!--
many-to-one:多对一的配置(因为多个订单项对应一个订单)
name:指的是当前所以映射的类com.xiaoyi.three.entity.OrderItem的关联属性order
class:指的是关联属性的类别（全路径名）
column:填的是外键,关联属性维护的是外键oid
-->
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.xiaoyi.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
配置完之后需要去主配置文件里面加两个配置文件的路径:
DemoDao:
package com.xiaoyi.three.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.xiaoyi.three.entity.Order;
import com.xiaoyi.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.xiaoyi.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* 查单个根据id删除
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {//强制加载
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());//关联属性
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
/**查所有
* @return
*/
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
用junit来建立一个DemoDaoTest进行测试:
package com.xiaoyi.three.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.xiaoyi.three.entity.Order;
import com.xiaoyi.three.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demoDao =new DemoDao();
/**Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException:
Repeated column in mapping for entity:
com.xiaoyi.three.entity.OrderItem column:
oid (should be mapped with insert="false"
update="false")重复的列段被映射了在orderitem配置文件需要加insert="false"
update="false这两个东西
* 添加订单的同时添加订单项
*/
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order =new Order();
order.setOrderNo("t237");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10+i);//加六条数据
oi.setQuantity(20+i);//加六条数据
// demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);//把订单项加进来
oi.setOrder(order);
}
demoDao.addOrder(order);
}
/**
* 添加订单项
*/
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(66);
oi.setQuantity(66);
Order order=new Order();//把订单项绑定到订单里面
order.setOrderId(11);
oi.setOrder(order);
demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);//添加进订单项
}
/**
* 懒加载:既可以一的那方不报错，又可以兼顾多的性能,性能高
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order =new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);//查询订单编号11
order.setInitChildren(1);//强加载
//需要查出当前订单的数据
Order o= demoDao.getOrder(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
//所报的错误是:懒加载失败一个集合
//failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.xiaoyi.three.entity.Order.orderItems,
//could not initialize proxy - no Session
//在orderitem里面加一个lazy="false"是不行的,性能不高
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());//所有订单项数据，拿不到需要强加载
}
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order>orderList=demoDao.getOrderList();//获取所有订单
for (Order order : orderList) {//获取所有订单里的订单项
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(order.getOrderItems().size());//所有订单项数据，拿不到需要强加载
}
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
}
}
1.在testAddOrder 添加订单的同时添加订单项：
2.testAddOrderItem 添加订单项:
3.testGetOrder查询单个订单:用网上懒加载的方法:在orderitem里面加一个lazy=“false”.网上懒加载的方法，不推荐，因为性能不高
4.查全部testGetOrderList:懒加载只用单个sql语句就可以查出来，既可以一的那边不报错，又能兼顾多的性能
5.删除testGetOrderList(数据库里订单表和子订单表一并删了)：
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