spring之ioc
1. 什么是spring,它能够做什么?
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围:任何Java应用
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
1.1 中间层框架、万能胶
struts2
spring
hibernate
1.2 容器框架
JavaBean 项目中的一个个类
IOC和AOP
配置pom.xml文件:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zking</groupId>
<artifactId>T237_spring</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>T237_spring Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.44</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>T237_spring</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
两种安装方式:
第一张:本地安装进入Install New Software 点击add把硬盘里解压好的文件放入里面 :
第二种:eclipse在线下载 进入 Eclips Marketplace下载 Spring IDE Roo Surpot:
安装好之后配置xml文件:
spring-context.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
</beans>
通过企业的案例来讲解使用spring IOC的必要性
v1.0:实现游戏的上传功能
v2.0:对游戏的上传进行功能优化
UserBiz 接口:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.biz;
/**通过企业的案例来讲解使用spring IOC的必要性
* v1.0:实现游戏的上传功能
* v2.0:对游戏的上传进行功能游戏
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public interface UserBiz {
public void upload();
}
UserBizImpl1:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.impl;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**
* 实现userBiz接口
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz {
@Override
public void upload() {
//System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码");
System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能");
}
}
UserBizImpl2:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.impl;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**
* 实现userBiz接口
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UserBizImpl2 implements UserBiz {
@Override
public void upload() {
System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码");
System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能");
}
}
UserAction调用版本2(new UserBizImpl2 也可以换成版本1 UserBizImpl1)性能不好,很麻烦:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.web;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.impl.UserBizImpl1;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.impl.UserBizImpl2;
public class UserAction {
//调用
public UserBiz userBiz=new UserBizImpl2();
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
}
IocTest 测试:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.test;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
//测试
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
userAction.upload();
}
}
版本1:
版本2:
使用IOC方法:
UserAction 定义属性,提供set get方法:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.web;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserAction {
//调用
//IOC方法定义属性,提供set get方法
public UserBiz userBiz;
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
}
OrderAction:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.web;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class OrderAction {
//调用
//IOC方法定义属性,提供set get方法
public UserBiz userBiz;
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
}
配置spring-context.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!--版本二的路径和id -->
<bean class="com.xiaoyi.ioc.impl.UserBizImpl2" id="userBiz"></bean>
<bean class="com.xiaoyi.ioc.web.UserAction" id="hhh">
<!--
name:里面填的是useraction里面的属性
ref:里面填上面对应的id
-->
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="com.xiaoyi.ioc.web.OrderAction" id="ttt">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
IocTest测试:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.web.OrderAction;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
//测试
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
userAction.upload();*/
//ioc方法测试
ApplicationContext springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("hhh");
OrderAction orderAction = (OrderAction) springContext.getBean("ttt");
//两个上传
userAction.upload();
orderAction.upload();
}
}
结果都是版本2 因为在spring-context.xml里面配置的是版本2结果就是版本2.一处改动,多处受影响。不需要跟之前一样每个action都要改:
set注入:
UserAction:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.web;
import java.util.List;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**IOC的注入方式及各类值类型:
* set注入
* 基本类型与String
* 数组
* 自定义类型(刚刚写过了)
*
*
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UserAction {
//调用
//IOC方法定义属性,提供set get方法
public UserBiz userBiz;
private String uname;
private int age;
private List<String> hobby;
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
//测试方法:值是否进来
/**set注入问题
*
*/
public void test1() {
System.out.println(this.uname);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
spring-context.xml配置:
<!--set注入用 property标签 -->
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
<property name="uname" value="yiyi"></property>
<property name="age" value="19"></property>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>吃饭</value>
<value>睡觉</value>
<value>玩手机</value>
</list>
</property>
测试里面调用直接调用就行了
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.web.OrderAction;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
//测试
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
userAction.upload();*/
//ioc方法测试
ApplicationContext springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("hhh");
OrderAction orderAction = (OrderAction) springContext.getBean("ttt");
//两个上传
/*userAction.upload();
orderAction.upload();
*/
//set注入测试:
userAction.test1();
}
}
结果:
构造注入:
UserAction (把uname和age的setget方法给注释掉,运行时就会报错,使用构造方法在spring-context.xml里面配置就可以使用):
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.web;
import java.util.List;
import com.xiaoyi.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**IOC的注入方式及各类值类型:
* set注入
* 基本类型与String
* 数组
* 自定义类型(刚刚写过了)
*
*
* 构造注入
*
* 自动装配
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UserAction {
//调用
//IOC方法定义属性,提供set get方法
public UserBiz userBiz;
private String uname;
private int age;
private List<String> hobby;
//构造注入:提供一个有参无参构造器
public UserAction(String uname, int age) {
super();
this.uname = uname;
this.age = age;
}
public UserAction() {
super();
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
//测试方法:值是否进来
/**set注入问题
*
*/
public void test1() {
System.out.println(this.uname);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
spring-context.xml配置构造注入:
<!--构造注入用 constructor-arg -->
<constructor-arg name="uname" value="lala"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="20"></constructor-arg>
结果:
自动装配:
在spring-context.xml配置里面加一个byType:
在上面加完buType之后,每个action都不再需要加下面这一行代码了:
<!--使用bytype之后每个action配置里面就不需要他了 -->
<!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
在spring-context.xml配置里面加一个byName:
byName和byType的区别:
<!--
bytype:中 id里面属性随便是什么都没事
byName:中的id中名字要跟Useraction定义的属性名一样就不会报错
-->
<bean class="com.xiaoyi.ioc.impl.UserBizImpl1" id="userBiz"></bean>
结果都是调用的版本1的:
监听器:
SpringLoaderLister:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.listenter;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* spring 作为管理整个工程中的所有JavaBean,那么如何在用户发送请求的时候能够
* 访问到指定的JavaBean?
* 处理方式:
* 监听器中将spring的上下文交给tomcat的上下文中进行管理
* 浏览器请求-->request-->servletContext-->springContext-->任意的JavaBean
* @author 10570
*
*/
@WebServlet("/user")
public class SpringLoaderLister implements ServletContextListener{
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("tomact启动就触发..");
//tomact上下文
ServletContext tomactContext = sce.getServletContext();
String springXmlLocation = tomactContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
System.out.println("spring的上下文配置文件:"+springXmlLocation);
ApplicationContext springContext = null;
if(springXmlLocation == null || "".equals(springXmlLocation)) {
//拿到spring上下文
springContext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
}else {
springContext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlLocation);
}
tomactContext.setAttribute("SPRING-KEY", springContext);
}
}
配置web.xml文件:
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 从监听器里面传过来 -->
<!--<listener>
<listener-class>com.xiaoyi.ioc.listenter.SpringLoaderLister</listener-class>
</listener> -->
<context-param>
<param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/spring-other.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
UserServlet:
package com.xiaoyi.ioc.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@WebServlet("/demo")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("启动成功");
ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("spring-key");
System.out.println(springContext);
UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("hhh");
userAction.upload();
}
}
结果: