(WCF) 二、一个简单的WCF例子

系列索引，请查看此。

 

这里简单写一个创建WCF用例的例子：

 

一、创建服务端

创建服务端(Service)

1. 创建服务端接口

// Step 6: Define a service contract.
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public interface ICalculator
    {
        // Step7: Create the method declaration for the contract.
        [OperationContract]
        double Add(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Divide(double n1, double n2);
    }

 

2. 实现服务端接口

    // Step 1: Create service class that implements the service contract.
    public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
    {
        // Step 2: Implement functionality for the service operations.
        public double Add(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 + n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Received Add({0},{1})", n1, n2);
            // Code added to write output to the console window.
            Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
            return result;
        }

        public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 - n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Received Subtract({0},{1})", n1, n2);
            Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
            return result;
        }

        public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 * n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Received Multiply({0},{1})", n1, n2);
            Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
            return result;
        }

        public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 / n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Received Divide({0},{1})", n1, n2);
            Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}. do good ! very good !!", result);
            return result;
        }
    }

 

二、部署服务端

　　本项目选择直接用后台控制程序　承载　WCF服务，所以需要写点代码公布外面的访问路径；（也可以使用其他方式承载，如IIS）

1. 在服务端的运行入口写入

　　

class Program
    {
        private static Uri baseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service");

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Step 1 of the address configuration procedure: Create a URI to serve as the base address.
            Uri baseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service");

            // Step 2 of the hosting procedure: Create ServiceHost
            ServiceHost selfHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress);

            try
            {
                // Step 3 of the hosting procedure: Add a service endpoint.
                selfHost.AddServiceEndpoint(
                    typeof(ICalculator),
                    new WSHttpBinding(),
                    "CalculatorService");


                // Step 4 of the hosting procedure: Enable metadata exchange.
                ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
                smb.HttpGetEnabled = true;
                selfHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb);

                // Step 5 of the hosting procedure: Start (and then stop) the service.
                selfHost.Open();
                Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
                Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.ReadLine();

                // Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
                selfHost.Close();
            }
            catch (CommunicationException ce)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred: {0}", ce.Message);
                selfHost.Abort();
            }


        }
    }

 

2.  生成服务端项目，运行服务端

三、成客户端代理

1. 如第一步，创建客户端项目（Client）

2. 生成客户端代理。

　　有两种方式，一般：

　　a. 通过命令生成客户端代理

　　b.直接引用服务端项目。

　　一般的场景，直接（b）种方式，很简单：

　　

 

 

 但是，我们不是IIS承载的服务，所以用（b）种方式，不能发现。此外，(a)种方式虽然麻烦，却是最有威力的，试想，假如是其他公司为你开的服务，并不让你直接引用，你怎么办？生成客户端代理吧！

 

　　在“开始”菜单上，单击“所有程序”，然后单击“Visual Studio 2010”。单击“Visual Studio 工具”，然后单击“Visual Studio 2010 命令提示”。

　　　svcutil.exe /language:cs /out:generatedProxy.cs /config:app.config http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service

  3. 将生成的代理，移入客户项目

 

同时，将生成的配置文件，相关的配置也移入客户端app.config:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
    <system.serviceModel>
        <bindings>
            <wsHttpBinding>
                <binding name="WSHttpBinding_ICalculator" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
                    bypassProxyOnLocal="false" transactionFlow="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
                    maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" useDefaultWebProxy="true"
                    allowCookies="false">
                    <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
                        maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
                    <reliableSession ordered="true" inactivityTimeout="00:10:00"
                        enabled="false" />
                    <security mode="Message">
                        <transport clientCredentialType="Windows" proxyCredentialType="None"
                            realm="" />
                        <message clientCredentialType="Windows" negotiateServiceCredential="true"
                            algorithmSuite="Default" />
                    </security>
                </binding>
            </wsHttpBinding>
        </bindings>
        <client>
            <endpoint address="http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service/CalculatorService"
                binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_ICalculator"
                contract="ICalculator" name="WSHttpBinding_ICalculator">
                <identity>
                    <userPrincipalName value="dengfuyong-PC\dengfuyong" />
                </identity>
            </endpoint>
        </client>
    </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

 

四、客户端调用

1. 编写调用方式：

  CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient();

            // Step 2: Call the service operations.
            // Call the Add service operation.
            double value1 = 100.00D;
            double value2 = 15.99D;
            double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

            // Call the Subtract service operation.
            value1 = 145.00D;
            value2 = 76.54D;
            result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

            // Call the Multiply service operation.
            value1 = 9.00D;
            value2 = 81.25D;
            result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

            // Call the Divide service operation.
            value1 = 22.00D;
            value2 = 7.00D;
            result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

            //Step 3: Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
            client.Close();


            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
            Console.ReadLine();

2. 运行

 

这里，我们发现：客户端有服务端可以双向通信。简单可以看出：WCF 至少具有WebService和Remoting的功能。

 

总结

　　　做一个WCF应用，实际上分为：创建服务端接口、并实现接口；客户端引用（可以通过生成代理的方式）、客户端调用。微软的官方文档如下说：

　　　

1. 1. 定义服务协定。服务协定指定服务的签名、服务交换的数据和其他协定要求的数据。
      
   2. 实现协定。若要实现服务协定，请创建实现协定的类并指定运行时应具有的自定义行为。
      
   3. 通过指定终结点和其他行为信息来配置服务。
      
   4. 承载服务。
      
   5. 生成客户端应用程序。

 

 

今天早上到此结束吧。