paython学习第二十四天

一、类与对象

1.1、如何基于面向对象的思想写程序

学生的数据
stu_name = "egon"
stu_age = 18
stu_gender = "male"


学生的功能
def choose(name, age, gender):
    print('%s:%s:%s 正在选课' % (name, age, gender))


choose(stu_name,stu_age,stu_gender)

1.2、基于对象式的思想进行改写

def choose(stu_self):
    print('%s:%s:%s 正在选课' % (stu_self["stu_name"], stu_self["stu_age"],stu_self["stu_gender"],))


stu_obj = {
    "stu_name": "egon",
    "stu_age": 18,
    "stu_gender": "male",
    "choose":choose
}


print(stu_obj["stu_name"])
stu_obj["choose"](stu_obj)

1.3、python提供专门的语法来更漂亮地实现面向对象编程，什么语法？？？

'''
学生对象1
    数据：

        名字 = "冯疯子"
        年龄 = 18
        性别 = "female"


学生对象2
    数据：

        名字 = "郭靖"
        年龄 = 19
        性别 = "male"


学生对象3
    数据：
        名字 = "大雕"
        年龄 = 200
        性别 = "male"


学生的类
    相同的数据
        学校 = "oldboy"
    相同的功能
        选课


'''
# 类体代码会在类定义阶段立刻执行，然后将产生的名字都丢到类的名称空间中
class Student:
    # 相同的数据
    school = "oldboy"

    # 相同的功能
    def choose(self):
        print("正在选课")


    # print('====>')


stu_obj1=Student()
stu_obj2=Student()
stu_obj3=Student()


stu_obj1.name = "冯疯子"  # stu1_obj1.__dict__["name"] = "冯疯子"
stu_obj1.age = 18
stu_obj1.gender = "female"

stu_obj2.name = "郭靖"
stu_obj2.age = 19
stu_obj2.gender = "male"

stu_obj3.name = "大雕"
stu_obj3.age = 200
stu_obj3.gender = "male"


print(stu_obj1.name)
# stu_obj1.school = "xxx" #在对象1中添加学校名
print(stu_obj1.school)


print(Student.__dict__)
print(stu_obj1.__dict__)
print(stu_obj2.__dict__)
print(stu_obj3.__dict__)

二、初始化方法

例一：

class Student:
    school = "oldboy"

    def choose(self):
        print("正在选课")

stu_obj1=Student()
stu_obj2=Student()
stu_obj3=Student()


stu_obj1.name = "冯疯子"
stu_obj1.age = 18
stu_obj1.gender = "female"

stu_obj2.name = "郭靖"
stu_obj2.age = 19
stu_obj2.gender = "male"

stu_obj3.name = "大雕"
stu_obj3.age = 200
stu_obj3.gender = "male"

例二：

class Student:
    school = "oldboy"

    def choose(self):
        print("正在选课")


stu_obj1 = Student()
stu_obj2 = Student()
stu_obj3 = Student()


def init(obj, x, y, z):
    obj.name = x
    obj.age = y
    obj.gender = z


init(stu_obj1, "冯疯子", 18, "female")
init(stu_obj2, "郭靖", 19, "male")
init(stu_obj3, "大雕", 200, "male")

例二优化：

class Student:
    school = "oldboy"

    #             空对象
    def __init__(obj, x, y, z):
        obj.name = x
        obj.age = y
        obj.gender = z
        # return None # 只能返回None

    def choose(self):
        print("正在选课")

# 调用类：
# 1、创建一个空对象与类相关
# 2、把空对象、"冯疯子", 18, "female"一起传给__init__方法，完成对象的初始化
# 3、赋值符号把初始化好的对象的内存地址绑定变量名stu_obj1
stu_obj1 = Student("冯疯子", 18, "female")
stu_obj2 = Student("郭靖", 19, "male")
stu_obj3 = Student("大雕", 200, "male")


print(Student.__dict__)
print(stu_obj1.__dict__)

三、属性查找

优先级：先从对象的字典里找，没有，再去类的字典中找

class Student:
    school = "oldboy"

    def __init__(obj, x, y, z):
        obj.name = x
        obj.age = y
        obj.gender = z

    def choose(self):
        print("%s 正在选课" %self.name)

stu_obj1 = Student("冯疯子", 18, "female")
stu_obj2 = Student("郭靖", 19, "male")
stu_obj3 = Student("大雕", 200, "male")

3.1、类中定义的数据是直接共享给所有对象使用的

print(id(stu_obj1.school))
print(id(stu_obj2.school))
print(id(stu_obj3.school))
print(id(Student.school))

Student.school="xxx"
print(stu_obj1.school)
print(stu_obj2.school)
print(stu_obj3.school)

print(Student.choose)
print(stu_obj1.choose)
print(stu_obj2.choose)
print(stu_obj3.choose)

3.2、类中定义的函数是绑定给所有对象用的，绑定给谁就应该由哪个对象来调用

对象.绑定方法()会把对象当作第一个参数传入

类.函数()就是一个函数的玩法，没有自动传参的效果

# Student.choose(123123123)
stu_obj3.choose()
stu_obj2.choose()
stu_obj1.choose()