Linux定时创建文件夹/文件

1. 首先获取当前时间，命令是date

[root@mzz11 log]# date
Sun Dec 30 06:01:02 PST 2018
[root@mzz11 log]# 

2. 格式化当前的时间

[root@mzz11 log]# date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S"
2018-12-30-06:01:47
[root@mzz11 log]# 

      更多的date命令及其用法如下：

Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
  or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

  -d, --date=STRING         display time described by STRING, not `now'
  -f, --file=DATEFILE       like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
  -r, --reference=FILE      display the last modification time of FILE
  -R, --rfc-2822            output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
                            Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
      --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC   output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
                            TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
                            date and time to the indicated precision.
                            Date and time components are separated by
                            a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
  -s, --set=STRING          set time described by STRING
  -u, --utc, --universal    print or set Coordinated Universal Time
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are:

  %%   a literal %
  %a   locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
  %A   locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
  %b   locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
  %B   locale's full month name (e.g., January)
  %c   locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)
  %C   century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
  %d   day of month (e.g, 01)
  %D   date; same as %m/%d/%y
  %e   day of month, space padded; same as %_d
  %F   full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
  %g   last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
  %G   year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
  %h   same as %b
  %H   hour (00..23)
  %I   hour (01..12)
  %j   day of year (001..366)
  %k   hour ( 0..23)
  %l   hour ( 1..12)
  %m   month (01..12)
  %M   minute (00..59)
  %n   a newline
  %N   nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
  %p   locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
  %P   like %p, but lower case
  %r   locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
  %R   24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
  %s   seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  %S   second (00..60)
  %t   a tab
  %T   time; same as %H:%M:%S
  %u   day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
  %U   week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
  %V   ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
  %w   day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
  %W   week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
  %x   locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
  %X   locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
  %y   last two digits of year (00..99)
  %Y   year
  %z   +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
  %:z  +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
  %::z  +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
  %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
  %Z   alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)

By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
The following optional flags may follow `%':

  -  (hyphen) do not pad the field
  _  (underscore) pad with spaces
  0  (zero) pad with zeros
  ^  use upper case if possible
  #  use opposite case if possible

After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.

Report date bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'date invocation'

3. 先写个shell脚本创建文件夹

[root@mzz11 log]# vi /opt/datacron.sh 
#!/bin/bash  
time=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S")   ##获取当前时间并且格式化时间
cd /opt/log   ##切换到这个目录下
mkdir "${time}"  ##创建以时间命名的文件夹

    执行以后的效果：

[root@mzz11 log]# /opt/datacron.sh 
[root@mzz11 log]# ls
2018-12-30-05:59:04  2018-12-30-06:04:05  2018-12-30-06:04:30  2018-12-30-06:06:13
2018-12-30-05:59:10  2018-12-30-06:04:21  2018-12-30-06:04:33  crolog
[root@mzz11 log]# 

    可以看到又很多创建好的以时间命名的文件夹，这是作者测试了很多遍。
    正常情况下，执行一次创建一个文件夹。

4. 定时任务的创建需要用到crontab，首先查看系统是否安装crontab，默认都已经安装好了crontab及crond。如果没有安装，请使用以下指令安装：yum install vixie-cron yum install crontabs

    查看crontab的位置

[root@mzz11 log]# which crontab
/usr/bin/crontab

    查看crontab服务的运行情况

[root@mzz11 log]# service crond status
crond (pid  1994) is running...

     5.crontab命令的使用，定时任务的创建

[root@mzz11 log]# crontab -e
*/1 * * * * /opt/datacron.sh

    这个任务的意思是每隔一分钟执行一次/opt/datacron.sh脚本

6. 稍等一两分钟查看结果

[root@mzz11 log]# ls
2018-12-30-06:13:01  2018-12-30-06:15:01  2018-12-30-06:17:01  2018-12-30-06:19:01
2018-12-30-06:14:01  2018-12-30-06:16:01  2018-12-30-06:18:01

  会看到在我们指定的log目录下生成了由时间命名的文件夹。