java -- Spring 入门讲解

spring核心思想分三大类：控制反转（IOC）、依赖注入（DI）、面向切面（AOP）。依赖注入是实现方式，控制反转是思想
对象的创建和对象的注入都由spring自动完成

spring.xml

spring配置有三种方式（假设我有两个类，id为car和id为en）

一、在主配置文件中声明，启用annotation注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
>
    <!--在主配置文件中声明，启用annotation注入-->
    <!-- 不喜欢，因为还需要手动写bean-->
    <context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
    <bean id="car" class="com.zhuoyue.po.Car"></bean>
    <bean id="en" class="com.zhuoyue.po.Enginee"></bean>
</beans>

二、声明要扫描的包（推荐）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
>
    <!--声明要扫描的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhuoyue.po"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

三、构造器（不好，不喜欢，不写了）

po/Enginee.java（一个普通的类）

package com.zhuoyue.po;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("en")//指定id
public class Enginee implements IEnginee {
    public void qidong() {
        System.out.println("我是省油的引擎");
    }
}

po/Car.java（一个普通的类）

package com.zhuoyue.po;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Component
public class Car {
	//注入Enginee对象
    @Resource(name="en")//注入Component等于en的对）
    private Enginee enss;
    public void drive(){
        enss.qidong();
    }
}

测试类

package com.zhuoyue;

import com.zhuoyue.po.Car;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestSpring {
    @Test
    public void show(){
        //初始化spring容器
        //classpath*:spring*.xml   统配所有spring开头的配置文件
        ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath*:spring*.xml");
        //获取Component 为car 的对象，转化为Car对象
        Car car = context.getBean("car", Car.class);
        //调用car的drive方法
        car.drive();
    }
}

Spring所需依赖

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>