spring核心思想分三大类:控制反转(IOC)、依赖注入(DI)、面向切面(AOP)。依赖注入是实现方式,控制反转是思想
对象的创建和对象的注入都由spring自动完成
spring.xml
spring配置有三种方式(假设我有两个类,id为car和id为en)
一、在主配置文件中声明,启用annotation注入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
>
<!--在主配置文件中声明,启用annotation注入-->
<!-- 不喜欢,因为还需要手动写bean-->
<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
<bean id="car" class="com.zhuoyue.po.Car"></bean>
<bean id="en" class="com.zhuoyue.po.Enginee"></bean>
</beans>
二、声明要扫描的包(推荐)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
>
<!--声明要扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zhuoyue.po"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
三、构造器(不好,不喜欢,不写了)
po/Enginee.java(一个普通的类)
package com.zhuoyue.po;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component("en")//指定id
public class Enginee implements IEnginee {
public void qidong() {
System.out.println("我是省油的引擎");
}
}
po/Car.java(一个普通的类)
package com.zhuoyue.po;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Component
public class Car {
//注入Enginee对象
@Resource(name="en")//注入Component等于en的对)
private Enginee enss;
public void drive(){
enss.qidong();
}
}
测试类
package com.zhuoyue;
import com.zhuoyue.po.Car;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestSpring {
@Test
public void show(){
//初始化spring容器
//classpath*:spring*.xml 统配所有spring开头的配置文件
ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath*:spring*.xml");
//获取Component 为car 的对象,转化为Car对象
Car car = context.getBean("car", Car.class);
//调用car的drive方法
car.drive();
}
}
Spring所需依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>