c#中的委托

1.       委托

知识点一：委托声明定义了一种类型，它用一组特定的参数以及返回类型来封装方法。对于静态方法，委托对象封装要调用的方法。对于实例方法，委托对象同时封装一个实例和该实例的一个方法。如果您有一个委托对象和一组适当的参数，则可以用这些参数调用该委托。

知识点二：委托本质是一个类（可以通过查看IL代码证实），他是C++中函数指针的替代品；C++中函数的指针只能指向静态的方法，而在C#中也能指向实例对象。

使用委托的代码实例：

using System;

delegate void eatMydelegate(string food);

class Mydelegate

{

    static void zsEat(string food)

    {

        Console.WriteLine("张三吃"+food);

    }

    static void lsEat(string food)

    {

        Console.WriteLine("李四吃"+food);

    }

    static void wwEat(string food)

    {

        Console.WriteLine("王五吃"+food);

    }

    static void Main()

    {

        eatMydelegate zs=new eatMydelegate(zsEat);

        eatMydelegate ls=new eatMydelegate(lsEat);

        eatMydelegate ww=new eatMydelegate(wwEat);

        zs("西瓜");

        ls("西瓜");

        ww("西瓜");

       

    }

}

上述代码中三个委托调用同一个参数（西瓜），过于繁琐有没有什么解决办法呢？委托链的引入

using System;

delegate void eatMydelegate(string food);

class Mydelegate

{

    static void zsEat(string food)

    {

        Console.WriteLine("张三吃"+food);

    }

    static void lsEat(string food)

    {

        Console.WriteLine("李四吃"+food);

    }

    static void wwEat(string food)

    {

        Console.WriteLine("王五吃"+food);

    }

    static void Main()

    {

        eatMydelegate zs=new eatMydelegate(zsEat);

        eatMydelegate ls=new eatMydelegate(lsEat);

        eatMydelegate ww=new eatMydelegate(wwEat);

        eatMydelegate eatChain;//定义委托连

        Console.WriteLine("张三，李四，王五，开座谈会");

        eatChain = zs + ls + ww;

        eatChain("西瓜");//给委托链赋参数

        Console.WriteLine("李四出去接电话");

        eatChain -= ls;//c#重载了+=和-=运算符，因此可以创建可变的委托链

        eatChain("香蕉");

        Console.WriteLine("李四回来了");

        eatChain += ls;

        eatChain("橘子");

    }

}

用.net framework2.0引入的新特性，匿名方法，来简化上面的代码

using System;

delegate void eatMydelegate(string food);

class Mydelegate

{

    static void Main()

    {

        eatMydelegate eatChain;

        eatChain = null;

        eatChain += delegate(string food) { Console.WriteLine("张三吃" + food); };//.net framework2.0引入的新特性

        eatChain += delegate(string food) { Console.WriteLine("李四吃" + food); };

        eatChain += delegate(string food) { Console.WriteLine("王五吃" + food); };

        eatChain("香蕉");

    }

}

动态方法代理：

using System;

delegate void eatMydelegate(string food);

class Man

{

    private string name;

    public Man(string name)

    {

         this.name = name;

    }

    public void eat(string food)

    {

        Console.WriteLine(name + "吃" + food);

    }

}

class Party

{

    static void eatTogerther(string food, params eatMydelegate[] values)

    {

        if (values == null)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("座谈会结束");

        }

        else

        {

            eatMydelegate eatChain = null;

            foreach (eatMydelegate ed in values)

                eatChain += ed;

            eatChain(food);

            Console.WriteLine();

        }

    }

    static void Main()

    {

        Man ZS = new Man("张三");

        Man LS = new Man("李四");

        Man WW = new Man("王五");

        eatMydelegate zs = new eatMydelegate(ZS.eat);

        eatMydelegate ls = new eatMydelegate(LS.eat);

        eatMydelegate ww = new eatMydelegate(WW.eat);

        Console.WriteLine("张三，李四，王五，开座谈会");

        eatTogerther("西瓜",zs,ls,ww);

        Console.WriteLine("李四出去接电话");

        eatTogerther("香蕉",zs,ww);

        Console.WriteLine("李四回来了");

        eatTogerther("橘子",zs,ls,ww);

        eatTogerther(null,null);

    }

}