内置数据结构-字典

字典概述

• 一系列键值对
• 键一般是字符串，值可以是任何对象
• 任何对象都可以是字典中的值

字典创建

dict_name = {key1:value1, key2:value2, }

字典元素修改

新增dict_name[key] = value
    不存在就新增，存在则修改
删除del dict_name[key]

dict1 = {
    'a':'apple',
    'b':'banana',
    'g':'grape',
    'o':'orange'
}

dict1['w'] = 'watermelon'
print(dict1)
del(dict1['a'])
print(dict1)
dict1['g'] = 'grapefruit'
print(dict1)
print(dict1.pop('b'))
print(dict1)
dict1.clear()
print(dict1)

字典遍历

遍历键
    for k in dict_name
    for k in dict_name.keys()
    使用sorted对字典键排序,for k in sorted(dict_name.keys())
遍历值
    for v in dict_name.values()
    使用set对字典值去重,for v in set(dict_name.values())
遍历键值对
    for k,v in dict_name.items()

字典的嵌套

字典中存储列表
列表中存储字典
字典中存储字典

字典的常用方法

 |  clear(...)
 |      D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D.
 |  
 |  copy(...)
 |      D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D
 |  
 |  fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) from builtins.type
 |      Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value.
 |  
 |  get(...)
 |      D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None.
 |  
 |  items(...)
 |      D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items
 |  
 |  keys(...)
 |      D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys
 |  
 |  pop(...)
 |      D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
 |      If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
 |  
 |  popitem(...)
 |      D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
 |      2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
 |  
 |  setdefault(...)
 |      D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D
 |  
 |  update(...)
 |      D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
 |      If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does:  for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
 |      If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does:  for k, v in E: D[k] = v
 |      In either case, this is followed by: for k in F:  D[k] = F[k]
 |  
 |  values(...)
 |      D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values

字典的浅拷贝与深拷贝：

浅拷贝：复制数据，数据的引用不复制
深拷贝：数据和数据的引用都一起复制