通过交换机实现不同VLAN间通信

通过交换机实现不同VLAN间通信

一. 实验原理

通过在交换机上创建不同的VLAN将连接在交换机上的设备划分到不同的网络中，不同VLAN之间的设备在二层是相互隔离，无法通信的。但三层交换机具有路由功能，为每个VLAN配置相应的IP和子网，这些地址作为VLAN内设备的网关，当数据包从一个VLAN设备发送到另一个VLAN设备时，三层交换机根据数据包的目的ip地址，在三层进行路由查找，确定转发路径，并将数据包转发到目的VLAN设备

二 . 实验拓扑

三.实验需求

1.按照拓扑图所示配置ip和网关和VLAN

2.PC2,3,4之间可以互通

四.实验步骤

1.配置ip地址与网关

2.在SW1上创建VLAN10 VLAN20 VLAN 30,

[H3C]sys SW1
[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1-vlan10]port g1/0/1
[SW1-vlan10]vlan 20
[SW1-vlan20]port g1/0/2
[SW1-vlan20]vlan 30
[SW1-vlan30]port g1/0/3

3.在SW1上配置VLAN 10 VLAN 20 VLAN 30的网关地址

[SW1]int vlan 10
[SW1-Vlan-interface10]%Jul  3 15:03:59:449 2025 SW1 IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface Vlan-interface10 changed to up.
%Jul  3 15:03:59:449 2025 SW1 IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface Vlan-interface10 changed to up.

[SW1-Vlan-interface10]ip add 192.168.1.254 24
[SW1-Vlan-interface10]quit

[SW1]int vlan 20
[SW1-Vlan-interface20]%Jul  3 15:04:29:787 2025 SW1 IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface Vlan-interface20 changed to up.
%Jul  3 15:04:29:788 2025 SW1 IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface Vlan-interface20 changed to up.

[SW1-Vlan-interface20]ip add 192.168.2.254 24
[SW1-Vlan-interface20]quit

[SW1]int vlan 30
[SW1-Vlan-interface30]%Jul  3 15:07:26:379 2025 SW1 IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface Vlan-interface30 changed to up.
%Jul  3 15:07:26:380 2025 SW1 IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface Vlan-interface30 changed to up.

[SW1-Vlan-interface30]ip add 192.168.3.254 24
[SW1-Vlan-interface30]quit

4.在SW1上查看路由表

[SW1]dis ip routing-table 

Destinations : 20       Routes : 20

Destination/Mask   Proto   Pre Cost        NextHop         Interface
0.0.0.0/32         Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
127.0.0.0/8        Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
127.0.0.0/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
192.168.1.0/24     Direct  0   0           192.168.1.254   Vlan10
192.168.1.0/32     Direct  0   0           192.168.1.254   Vlan10
192.168.1.254/32   Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
192.168.1.255/32   Direct  0   0           192.168.1.254   Vlan10
192.168.2.0/24     Direct  0   0           192.168.2.254   Vlan20
192.168.2.0/32     Direct  0   0           192.168.2.254   Vlan20
192.168.2.254/32   Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
192.168.2.255/32   Direct  0   0           192.168.2.254   Vlan20
192.168.3.0/24     Direct  0   0           192.168.3.254   Vlan30
192.168.3.0/32     Direct  0   0           192.168.3.254   Vlan30
192.168.3.254/32   Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
192.168.3.255/32   Direct  0   0           192.168.3.254   Vlan30

//可以看到已经产生了到达192.168.1.0/24,192.168.2.0/24,192.168.3.0/24网段的直连路由,代表SW1可以对VLAN 10 VLAN20 VLAN 30之间的数据进行三层转发

5.测试

可以看到PC2与PC3,PC4之间能够互通