线程更新UI方法总结

1.概要

2.需求及其运行效果

有一个线程自动加数，并通过一个label控件体现处理，效果如下图。

 3.不同实现方式的代码

3.1  通过UI线程的SynchronizationContext的Post/Send方法更新

using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 线程更新ui方法总结
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        SynchronizationContext _syncContext = null;
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            _syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
            run();
        }
        private void run()
        {
            Task t = new Task(() =>
            {
                int index = 0;
                while (true)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                    _syncContext.Post(setLable, index++);
                }    
            });
            t.Start();
        }
        private void setLable(object o)
        {
            label1.Text = o.ToString();
        }
    }
}

3.2 通过UI控件的Invoke/BeginInvoke方法更新

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 线程更新ui方法总结
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        SynchronizationContext _syncContext = null;
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            _syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
            run();
        }
        private void run()
        {
            Action<String> AsyncUIDelegate = delegate (string n) { label1.Text = n; };//定义一个委托
            Task t = new Task(() =>
            {
                int index = 0;
                while (true)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                    label1.Invoke(AsyncUIDelegate, new object[] { index++.ToString() });
                }    
            });
            t.Start();
        }
    }
}

3.3  通过BackgroundWorker取代Thread执行异步操作

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 线程更新ui方法总结
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1 = null;
        int index = 0;
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            run();
        }
        private void run()
        {
            backgroundWorker1 = new System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker();
            //设置报告进度更新
            backgroundWorker1.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
            //注册线程主体方法
            backgroundWorker1.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(backgroundWorker1_DoWork);
            //注册更新UI方法
            backgroundWorker1.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged);
            this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();
        }
        //第二步：定义执行线程主体事件
        //线程主体方法
        public void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(500);
                //...执行线程任务
                index++;
                //在线程中更新UI（通过ReportProgress方法）
                backgroundWorker1.ReportProgress(50, index++);

                //...执行线程其他任务
            }
        }
        //第三步：定义执行UI更新事件
        //UI更新方法
        public void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.label1.Text = e.UserState.ToString();
        }

    }
}

3.4 通过设置窗体属性，取消线程安全检查来避免"线程间操作无效异常"（非线程安全，建议不使用）

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 线程更新ui方法总结
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            //指定不再捕获对错误线程的调用
            Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
            run();
        }
        private void run()
        {
            Task t = new Task(() =>
            {
                int index = 0;
                while (true)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                    label1.Text = (index++).ToString();
                }
            });
            t.Start();
        }

    }
}