hibernate之HQL

1. 什么是hql

HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写

2. hql和sql区别/异同

HQL SQL
类名/属性 表名/列名
区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写 不区分大小写
别名 别名
?，从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持) ?，从顺序1开始计算位置
:命名参数 不支持:命名参数
面向对象的查询语言 面向结构查询语言

select name from t_mvc_book where name like ?
from Book where name like :bookName
query.setParam(‘bookName’:圣墟)

注1：QuerySyntaxException:book is not mapped

3. 处理返回的结果集

3.1 单个对象
select没有逗号
3.2 Object[]
b.bookId, b.bookName
3.3 Map
new Map(b.bookId as bid, b.bookName as bname)
3.4 new 构造方法(attr1,attr2)
new Book(b.bookId, b.price)
单个列段

4. hql中使用占位符

4.1 ?占位符
从下标0开始计算位置
hibernate5之后不再支持?占位符

4.2 :命名参数

5. 聚合函数

sum
avg
max
min
count

6. hql分页

int page = 2;// 页码：page
int row = 10;// 每页行数：rows
query.setFirstResult((page - 1) * row);// 设置起始记录下标
query.setMaxResults(row);// 设置返回的最大结果集

案例：运用HQL实现通用查询分页（两种实现方法）

HqlTest

package com.xieminglu.five.test;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.xieminglu.four.entity.Book;
import com.xieminglu.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class HqlTest {
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void after() {
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回对象（多个）
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList1() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接受
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<String> list = query.list();
		for (String b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList3() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 注意map是函数，所以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList4() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Map> list = query.list();
		for (Map b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，也可返回对象，前提是有对应的构造函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList5() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL语句支持占位符
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList6() {
//		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
//		query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
//		Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
//		System.out.println(b);
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
		query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
//		List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
//		params.add(1);
//		params.add(2);
//		params.add(4);
//		query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持连接查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList7() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持聚合函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList8() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
		Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(singleResult);
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL分页
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList9() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		query.setFirstResult(2);
		query.setMaxResults(3);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
}

分页PageBean

package com.xieminglu.five.util;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * 分页工具类
 *
 */
public class PageBean {

	private int page = 1;// 页码

	private int rows = 3;// 页大小

	private int total = 0;// 总记录数

	private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
	// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
	private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
	// 获取上一次访问后台的url
	private String url;

	/**
	 * 初始化pagebean
	 * 
	 * @param req
	 */
	public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
		this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
		this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
		// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
		this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
		this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
		this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
	}

	public int getMaxPage() {
		return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
	}

	public int nextPage() {
		return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
	}

	public int previousPage() {
		return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
	}

	public PageBean() {
		super();
	}

	public int getPage() {
		return page;
	}

	public void setPage(int page) {
		this.page = page;
	}

	public void setPage(String page) {
		this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
	}

	public int getRows() {
		return rows;
	}

	public void setRows(int rows) {
		this.rows = rows;
	}

	public void setRows(String rows) {
		this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
	}

	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}

	public void setTotal(int total) {
		this.total = total;
	}

	public void setTotal(String total) {
		this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
	}

	public boolean isPagination() {
		return pagination;
	}

	public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
		this.pagination = pagination;
	}

	public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
		return parameterMap;
	}

	public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
		this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
	}

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	/**
	 * 获得起始记录的下标
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getStartIndex() {
		return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
				+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}

}

StringUtils

package com.xieminglu.five.util;

public class StringUtils {
	// 私有的构造方法，保护此类不能在外部实例化
	private StringUtils() {
	}

	/**
	 * 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
		boolean b = false;
		if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
			b = true;
		}
		return b;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
		return !isBlank(s);
	}

}

BookDao
第一种实现方法

/****************************************通用查询***************************************************/
	public List<Book> list1(Book book,PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		下面代码处理的是book实体类的条件查询 10*2
		String bookName=book.getBookName();
//		sql语句where后面可以直接写true，而hql中不能出现true
		String hql="from Book where 1=1";
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql+=" and bookName like : bookName";
		}
		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			query.setParameter("bookName", bookName);
		}
//		处理分页
		if(pageBean !=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());//起始下标
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());//偏移量
		}
		List list = query.list();
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}

测试类BookDaoTest

@Test
	public void testlist1() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("%c%");
		PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
//		pageBean.setPage(2);
		List<Book> list1 = this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean);
		for (Book b : list1) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

查询结果：

分页结果:
一页三条数据，给大家看我所分页的表加后台分页输出结果

第二种方法，手写一个BaseDao

package com.xieminglu.five.util;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

import com.mysql.fabric.xmlrpc.base.Array;

/*
 * hibernate的通用查询dao层
 *  
 *  思想完全借鉴于sql的BaseDao
 *  sql=select * from t_mvc_book where bname like '%%';
 *  countSql=select count(1) from (sql) t;
 *  pageSql=sql limit start,offset
 *  
 *  hql=select * from Book where bookName like : bookName;
 *  hql=from Book where bookName like : bookName;
 *  思想：将原生的hql语句以form关键字进行截取
 *  countHql=select count(*) from Book where bookName like : bookName
 *  pageHql不需要写，因为hibernate已经分装了内置的分页接口
 *         getFirstResult
 *         getMaxResults
 *  
 * */
public class BaseDao {

	/*
	 * hibernate中Query对象中的命名参数列表赋值
	 * */
	public void setParam(Query query,Map<String, Object> map) {
		if(map!=null && map.size()>0) {
			Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
			for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
				Object value = entry.getValue();
				if(value instanceof Collections) {
					query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), (Collections)value);
				}else if(value instanceof Object[]) {
					query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), (Object[])value);
				}else {
					query.setParameter(entry.getKey(),value);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	/*
	 * hql=select * from Book where bookName like : bookName;
 *  hql=from Book where bookName like : bookName;
 *  思想：将原生的hql语句以form关键字进行截取
 *  countHql=select count(*) from Book where bookName like : bookName
	 * */
	public String getCountHql(String hql) {
		return "select count(*) "+hql.substring(hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM"));
	}
	/*
	 * session 当前会话
	 * sql 带命名参数的hql语句
	 * map 命名参数对应值的集合
	 * pageBean 分页实体类
	 * */
	public List executeQuery(Session session,String hql,Map<String, Object> map,PageBean pageBean){
		List list=null;
		Query query =null;
		if(pageBean!=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
			String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
			Query createQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
			this.setParam(createQuery, map);
			pageBean.setTotal(createQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
			query = session.createQuery(hql);
			this.setParam(query, map);
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
			list=query.list();
		}else {
			query = session.createQuery(hql);
			this.setParam(query, map);
			list=query.list();
		}
		return list;
	}
}

BookDao中继承BaseDao
BookDao实现第二种方法所运用的代码：

public List<Book> list2(Book book,PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		下面代码处理的是book实体类的条件查询 10*2
		String bookName=book.getBookName();
		Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();
//		sql语句where后面可以直接写true，而hql中不能出现true
		String hql="from Book where 1=1";
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql+=" and bookName like : bookName";
			map.put("bookName", bookName);
		}
		List list = super.executeQuery(session, hql, map, pageBean);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}

测试类BookDaoTest：

@Test
	public void testlist2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("%阿甘%");
		PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
//		pageBean.setPage(3);
		List<Book> list1 = this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean);
		for (Book b : list1) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

分页：

嘿嘿嘿，就到这啦，请大家多多指教哟！