Thread之volatile

volatile

volatile：一致性
static：唯一性
final：持续性

volatile与Runnable

在class implements Runnable时，如果在class中定义了volatile变量，为使该变量能够在多线程下被所有线程读写，即保证变量的唯一性，需要加上static。
如下例，在SafeShutdownThread中，thread2中修改线程two的变量on为false。由于on为static volatile变量，线程three和four通过主内存发现了变量的变化。

线程

线程类Runner implements了Runnable，并定义了一个static volatile的boolean变量on。在下面的测试main线程中，通过Runner的构造函数得到的多个线程具有共同唯一的变量on，并且该变量必须从主内存中读取。如果变量on定义缺少volatile，虽然保证了唯一性，但无法阻止程序优化，从工作内存中读取变量。如果缺少static，每个new出来的线程都有单独的变量，因此线程间无法通过主内存相互通信。

package interrupt;

public class Runner implements Runnable {
    private static volatile boolean on = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (on && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
            i++;
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", i = " + i);
    }

    public void cancel() {
        on = false;
    }

    public boolean getValue() {
        return on;
    }
}

测试

package interrupt;

public class SafeShutdownThread {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // interrupting signal interrupts thread
        Runner one = new Runner();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(one, "Thread-1");
        thread1.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000); 
        thread1.interrupt();

        // conditions interrupt thread
        Runner two = new Runner();
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(two, "Thread-2");
        thread2.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        two.cancel();

        Runner three = new Runner();
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(three, "Thread-3");
        thread3.start();

        Runner four = new Runner();
        Thread thread4 = new Thread(four, "Thread-1");
        thread4.start();
        Thread.sleep(3000);
        three.cancel();
        System.out.println(three.getValue());
        System.out.println(four.getValue());
    }

}

测试结果

Thread-1, i = 590992340
Thread-2, i = 607608508
Thread-3, i = 0
Thread-4, i = 0
false
false