用SurfaceView绘制正弦曲线

1、在绘制正弦曲线之前，先简单讲解一下SurfaceView的基本用法：

我们在使用SurfaceView的时候，主要用到三个类，SurfaceView， SurfaceHolder, SurfaceHolder.Callback。SurfaceView是视图控件，其包含了一块叫做Surface的内存区域，我们通过SurfaceHolder提供的API方法操作这块内存区域实现绘图，SurfaceHolder.Callback是在Surface创建，销毁，状态改变时回调。

2、下面讲解绘制正弦曲线，通过绘制正弦曲线，讲解SurfaceView的用法

1）、在XML布局文件中引用SurfaceView

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin">

    <SurfaceView
        android:id="@+id/surfaceView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_above="@+id/action_container" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/action_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" >

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnPlay"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Play" />
    </LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

ps:SurfaceView的使用和其他空间并无特殊之处，直接在XML中引用便可

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{

    public static final String TAG = "camera";
    //x方向的单位长度，即20像素代表一个单位长度
    private static final double UNIT_X = 20;
    //y方向的单位长度，即20像素代表一个单位长度
    private static final double UNIT_Y = 50;
    private int centerX, centerY;
    private SurfaceView surfaceView;
    //该类提供了操作SurfaceView的API
    private SurfaceHolder holder;
    //计时器，用于绘制正弦曲线。SurfaceView与普通View的区别就是SurfaceView可以在子线程中更新UI，这样在UI更新频繁的场景下（比如游戏中精灵的移动）可以避免阻塞主线程
    private Timer timer;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        surfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
        //通过SurfaceView.getHolder()方法获得SurfaceHolder
        holder = surfaceView.getHolder();
        //设置SurfaceView的回调
        holder.addCallback(this);
        paint = new Paint();
        paint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        int id = item.getItemId();
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    //数学坐标到像素点的转换
    private int coordinate2Pix(double coordinate, double unit){
        return (int)(coordinate * unit);
    }

    //像素点到数学坐标的转换
    private double pix2Coordinate(int pix, double unit){
        return pix / unit;
    }

    private Paint paint;

    class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask{

        private int px, py;

        public MyTimerTask(){

        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            /**
            *基本绘制思路是，从x方向像素为0的点算起，计算出像素点的数学坐
            *标，通过正弦函数sin（x）计算出y的数学坐标，再将数学坐标转换
            *成像素点，绘制计算出来的像素点，然后x++，重复上述过程。。。
            *
            */
            double cx = pix2Coordinate(px, UNIT_X);
            double cy = Math.sin(cx);
            py = coordinate2Pix(cy, UNIT_Y) + surfaceView.getHeight() / 2;
            Rect dirty = new Rect(px - 1, py - 1, px + 1, py+1);
            Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas(dirty);
            canvas.drawLine(0, centerY, surfaceView.getWidth(), centerY, paint);
            canvas.drawCircle(px, py, 2, paint);
            holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
            px++;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        //Surface创建成功之后回调
        Log.i(TAG, "surfaceCreated");
        if(timer == null){
            timer = new Timer();
        }
        centerX = 0;
        centerY = surfaceView.getHeight() / 2;
        timer.schedule(new MyTimerTask(), 0, 100);
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
        Log.i(TAG, "surfaceChanged");

    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        //SurfaceView销毁后回调
        Log.i(TAG, "surfaceDestroyed");
        if(timer != null){
            timer.cancel();
            timer = null;
        }
    }
}