#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid;
if ((pid=fork())<0) {
printf("fork error!");
}else if (pid==0) {
printf("The child process PID is %d.\n",getpid());
printf("The Group ID is %d.\n",getpgrp());
printf("The Group ID is %d.\n",getpgid(0));
printf("The Group ID is %d.\n",getpgid(getpid()));
exit(0);
}
sleep(3);
printf("The parent process PID is %d.\n",getpid());
printf("The Group ID is %d.\n",getpgrp());
return 0;
}
进程组id = 父进程id,即父进程为组长进程
eg:父进程改变自身和子进程的组id
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid;
if ((pid=fork())<0) {
printf("fork error!");
exit(1);
}else if (pid==0) {
printf("The child process PID is %d.\n",getpid());
printf("The Group ID of child is %d.\n",getpgid(0)); // 返回组id
sleep(5);
printf("The Group ID of child is changed to %d.\n",getpgid(0));
exit(0);
}
sleep(1);
setpgid(pid,pid); // 改变子进程的组id为子进程本身
sleep(5);
printf("The parent process PID is %d.\n",getpid());
printf("The parent of parent process PID is %d.\n",getppid());
printf("The Group ID of parent is %d.\n",getpgid(0));
setpgid(getpid(),getppid()); // 改变父进程的组id为父进程的父进程
printf("The Group ID of parent is changed to %d.\n",getpgid(0));
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid;
if ((pid=fork())<0) {
printf("fork error!");
exit(1);
}else if (pid==0) {
printf("The child process PID is %d.\n",getpid());
printf("The Group ID of child is %d.\n",getpgid(0));
printf("The Session ID of child is %d.\n",getsid(0));
sleep(10);
setsid(); // 子进程非组长进程,故其成为新会话首进程,且成为组长进程。该进程组id即为会话进程
printf("Changed:\n");
printf("The child process PID is %d.\n",getpid());
printf("The Group ID of child is %d.\n",getpgid(0));
printf("The Session ID of child is %d.\n",getsid(0));
sleep(20);
exit(0);
}
return 0;
}
在子进程中调用setsid()后,子进程成为新会话首进程,且成为一个组长进程,其进程组id等于会话id
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid;
int i,fd;
char *buf="This is a daemon program.\n";
if ((pid=fork())<0) {
printf("fork error!");
exit(1);
}else if (pid>0) // fork且退出父进程
exit(0);
setsid(); // 在子进程中创建新会话。
chdir("/"); // 设置工作目录为根
umask(0); // 设置权限掩码
for(i=0;i<getdtablesize();i++) //getdtablesize返回子进程文件描述符表的项数
close(i); // 关闭这些不将用到的文件描述符
while(1) {// 死循环表征它将一直运行
// 以读写方式打开"/tmp/daemon.log",返回的文件描述符赋给fd
if ((fd=open("/tmp/daemon.log",O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_APPEND,0600))<0) {
printf("Open file error!\n");
exit(1);
}
// 将buf写到fd中
write(fd,buf,strlen(buf)+1);
close(fd);
sleep(10);
printf("Never output!\n");
}
return 0;
}
因为stdout被关掉了,所以“Never ouput!”不会输出。
查看/tmp/daemon.log,说明该程序一直在运行