【夜莺监控方案】04-k8s集群监控（上）（kube-state-metrics+cadvisor+prometheus+n9e）

玄德公笔记

已于 2022-07-28 15:30:44 修改

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分类专栏：监控文章标签： kubernetes 容器监控 prometheus k8s

于 2021-12-05 12:00:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xingzuo_1840/article/details/121727302

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文章目录

前言
1. 部署cadvisor
2. 部署 kube-state-metrics
3. 部署prometheus

前言

相关文档如下：
《01-n9e-v5 部署-server》
《01-n9e-v5部署-agent》
《02-容器监控-cadvisor+n9e》
《03-k8s集群监控（上）》
《03-k8s集群监控（下）》
《04-监控redis集群-prometheuse+n9e》

1. 部署cadvisor

说明：
k8s每个节点部署cadvisor服务
因为我是用docker-compose启动的，因此需要提前安装。

yaml文件
创建/opt/cadvisor目录，在目录下创建docker-compose.yml文件如下：

cadvisor:
    image: harbocto.xxx.com.cn/public/cadvisor:v0.24.1
    container_name: monitoring_cadvisor
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - /:/rootfs:ro
      - /var/run:/var/run:rw
      - /sys:/sys:ro
      - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro
    ports:
      - "4194:8080"

启动

[root@DoM01 cadvisor]# docker-compose up -d

查看结果

[root@DoM01 cadvisor]# docker-compose ps
       Name                      Command               State           Ports
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
monitoring_cadvisor   /usr/bin/cadvisor -logtostderr   Up      0.0.0.0:4194->8080/tcp

2. 部署 kube-state-metrics

2.1 创建集群用户

创建 cluster-role.yaml文件

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v1.9.7
  name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - secrets
  - nodes
  - pods
  - services
  - resourcequotas
  - replicationcontrollers
  - limitranges
  - persistentvolumeclaims
  - persistentvolumes
  - namespaces
  - endpoints
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - daemonsets
  - deployments
  - replicasets
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - apps
  resources:
  - statefulsets
  - daemonsets
  - deployments
  - replicasets
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - batch
  resources:
  - cronjobs
  - jobs
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - autoscaling
  resources:
  - horizontalpodautoscalers
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - authentication.k8s.io
  resources:
  - tokenreviews
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - authorization.k8s.io
  resources:
  - subjectaccessreviews
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - policy
  resources:
  - poddisruptionbudgets
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - certificates.k8s.io
  resources:
  - certificatesigningrequests
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - storage.k8s.io
  resources:
  - storageclasses
  - volumeattachments
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - admissionregistration.k8s.io
  resources:
  - mutatingwebhookconfigurations
  - validatingwebhookconfigurations
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - networkpolicies
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch

创建集群用户

kubectl create -f cluster-role.yaml

查看结果

[root@DoM01 kube-state-metrics]# kubectl get ClusterRole kube-state-metrics
NAME                 AGE
kube-state-metrics   11m

2.2 创建服务账户

创建 service-account.yaml文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v1.9.7
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: monitor

创建服务账户

kubectl create -f service-account.yaml

查看结果

[root@DoM01 kube-state-metrics]# kubectl get ServiceAccount kube-state-metrics -n monitor
NAME                 SECRETS   AGE
kube-state-metrics   1         13m

2.3 绑定集群用户

创建cluster-role-binding.yaml文件

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v1.9.7
  name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: monitor

绑定集群用户

kubectl create -f cluster-role-binding.yaml

查看结果

[root@DoM01 kube-state-metrics]# kubectl describe ClusterRoleBinding kube-state-metrics -n monitor
Name:         kube-state-metrics
Labels:       app.kubernetes.io/name=kube-state-metrics
              app.kubernetes.io/version=v1.9.7
Annotations:  <none>
Role:
  Kind:  ClusterRole
  Name:  kube-state-metrics
Subjects:
  Kind            Name                Namespace
  ----            ----                ---------
  ServiceAccount  kube-state-metrics  monitor

2.4 deployment.yml

创建deployment.yml文件

包含deployment、service

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v1.9.7
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: monitor
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
        app.kubernetes.io/version: v1.9.7
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: quay.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.7
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        name: kube-state-metrics
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          name: http-metrics
        - containerPort: 8081
          name: telemetry
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 8081
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 5
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
      serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
#  annotations:
#    prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: v1.9.7
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: monitor
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - name: http-metrics
    port: 8080
    targetPort: http-metrics
  - name: telemetry
    port: 8081
    targetPort: telemetry
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics

启动

kubectl create -f deployment.yml

查看结果

[root@DoM01 kube-state-metrics]# kubectl get all -n monitor
NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/kube-state-metrics-d49db84b9-6gfwp   1/1     Running   0          14m


NAME                         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)             AGE
service/kube-state-metrics   ClusterIP   None         <none>        8080/TCP,8081/TCP   14m


NAME                                 READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/kube-state-metrics   1/1     1            1           14m

NAME                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/kube-state-metrics-d49db84b9   1         1         1       14m

3. 部署prometheus

3.1 创建rabc权限

创建文件prometheus.rbac.yaml
为prometheus提供rabc权限。包括 ClusterRole、ServiceAccount、ClusterRoleBinding

之前创建kube-state-metrics时是分开写的，既然已经熟悉了，我们这里写在一起。

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor

创建集群角色

kubectl create -f prometheus.rbac.yaml

查看角色

[root@DoM01 promethues]# kubectl describe ClusterRole prometheus
Name:         prometheus
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
PolicyRule:
  Resources             Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs
  ---------             -----------------  --------------  -----
  endpoints             []                 []              [get list watch]
  nodes/proxy           []                 []              [get list watch]
  nodes                 []                 []              [get list watch]
  pods                  []                 []              [get list watch]
  services              []                 []              [get list watch]
  ingresses.extensions  []                 []              [get list watch]
                        [/metrics]         []              [get]

查看账户

[root@DoM01 promethues]# kubectl describe ServiceAccount prometheus -n monitor
Name:                prometheus
Namespace:           monitor
Labels:              <none>
Annotations:         <none>
Image pull secrets:  <none>
Mountable secrets:   prometheus-token-t7msz
Tokens:              prometheus-token-t7msz
Events:              <none>

查看绑定

[root@DoM01 promethues]# kubectl describe ClusterRoleBinding prometheus -n monitor
Name:         prometheus
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
Role:
  Kind:  ClusterRole
  Name:  prometheus
Subjects:
  Kind            Name        Namespace
  ----            ----        ---------
  ServiceAccount  prometheus  monitor

3.2 创建promethues配置文件

创建 prometheus.config.yaml文件

创建comfigmap，为prometheus提供配置文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: monitor
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:
    
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https
    
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name

创建configmap

kubectl create -f prometheus.config.yaml

查看结果

[root@DoM01 promethues]# kubectl get configmaps -n monitor
NAME                DATA   AGE
prometheus-config   1      3h7m

3.3 deployment和service

创建 prometheus.deployment.yamll文件

以部署deployment和serivce。

apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        - name: host-time
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
          readOnly: true       
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus
      imagePullSecrets: 
        - name: login-harbor
      volumes:
      - name: host-time
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/localtime
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config  

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus

启动

 kubectl create -f prometheus.deployment.yaml

查看结果

[root@DoM01 promethues]# kubectl get all -n monitor |grep prometheus

pod/prometheus-57fb8576bf-knzvs          1/1     Running   0          22m


service/prometheus           NodePort    10.1.189.71   <none>        9090:30003/TCP      3h5m


deployment.apps/prometheus           1/1     1            1           3h5m

replicaset.apps/prometheus-57fb8576bf          1         1         1       3h4m

3.4. 查看结果

在这里插入图片描述

接下来我们接入n9e，见文档《03-k8s集群监控（下）》

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【夜莺监控方案】04-k8s集群监控（上）（kube-state-metrics+cadvisor+prometheus+n9e）

n9e(nightingale)+prometheus 的一种监控方案，可用于监控k8s集群、容器、主机、网络、服务、端口等，以及各种中间件：包括mysql、postgre、redis、kafka等等
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