接口定义语言IDL,COM

接口定义语言MIDL：Microsoft Interface Definition Language。

MIDL是定义COM接口的说明性语言。是一种独立于语言的接口定义方式，从而产生RPC（Remote Procedure Call，远程调用过程）处理和实现接口定义的COM的服务。

COM服务器的三个关键要求：
1、接口（Interface）

    客户端访问服务器的入口，即通过接口调用服务器函数

2、组件类（CoClass）

    接口的具体实现

3、类型库（Type library）

    编译的IDL文件，向支持COM的环境传送接口的信息

IDL文件实例
import "oaidl.idl";
[
object,
uuid(57140480-CB78-11d2-91A6-0008C7FE9130)
]
interface IFirstInterface : IUnknown
{
HRESULT DoSomething();
};


[
uuid(57140482-CB78-11d2-91A6-0008C7FE9130),
version(1.0)
]
library FirstTypeLib
{
importlib("stdole32.tlb");
[
uuid(57140483-CB78-11d2-91A6-0008C7FE9130)
]
coclass FirstComponent
{
[default] interface IFirstInterface;
};
};

 []表示是一组属性

第一个属性是object，告诉IDL编译器这是COM接口定义的。

uuid定义的GUID是接口的唯一标识（ID）。

属性后面是接口定义本身。

coclass FirstComponent是定义组件类。

MIDL编译器的参数选项

Microsoft (R) 32b/64b MIDL Compiler Version 7.00.0555
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
                       -MIDL COMPILER OPTIONS-
                                -MODE-
/ms_ext            Microsoft extensions to the IDL language (default)
/c_ext             Allow Microsoft C extensions in the IDL file (default)
/osf               OSF mode - disables /ms_ext and /c_ext options
/app_config        Allow selected ACF attributes in the IDL file
/mktyplib203       MKTYPLIB Version 2.03 compatiblity mode


                               -INPUT-
/acf filename      Specify the attribute configuration file
/I directory-list  Specify one or more directories for include path
/no_def_idir       Ignore the current and the INCLUDE directories


                       -OUTPUT FILE GENERATION-
/client none       Do not generate client files
/client stub       Generate client stub file only
/out directory     Specify destination directory for output files
/server none       Generate no server files
/server stub       Generate server stub file only
/syntax_check      Check syntax only; do not generate output files
/Zs                Check syntax only; do not generate output files
/oldtlb            Generate old format type libraries
/newtlb            Generate new format type libraries (default)
[ Press <return> to continue ]
/notlb             Don't generate the tlb file


                         -OUTPUT FILE NAMES-
/cstub filename    Specify client stub file name
/dlldata filename  Specify dlldata file name
/h filename        Specify header file name
/header filename   Specify header file name
/iid filename      Specify interface UUID file name
/proxy filename    Specify proxy file name
/sstub filename    Specify server stub file name
/tlb filename      Specify type library file name


                -C COMPILER AND PREPROCESSOR OPTIONS-
/cpp_cmd cmd_line  Specify name of C preprocessor (default: cl.exe)
/cpp_opt options   Specify additional C preprocessor options
/D name[=def]      Pass #define name, optional value to C preprocessor
/no_cpp            Turn off the C preprocessing option
/nocpp             Turn off the C preprocessing option
/U name            Remove any previous definition (undefine)
/msc_ver <nnnn>    Microsoft C/C++ compiler version
/savePP            Save the preprocessed temporary file(s)


                            -ENVIRONMENT-
[ Press <return> to continue ]
/char signed       C compiler default char type is signed
/char unsigned     C compiler default char type is unsigned
/char ascii7       Char values limited to 0-127
/env win32         Target environment is Microsoft Windows 32-bit (NT)
/env ia64          Target environment is Microsoft Windows 64-bit (NT) for IA64
/env x64           Target environment is Microsoft Windows for 64-Bit
                   Extended Systems
/lcid              Locale id for international locales
/ms_union          Use Midl 1.0 non-DCE wire layout for non-encapsulated unions
/oldnames          Do not mangle version number into names
/rpcss             Automatically activate rpc_sm_enable_allocate
/use_epv           Generate server side application calls via entry-pt vector
/no_default_epv    Do not generate a default entry-point vector
/prefix client str Add "str" prefix to client-side entry points
/prefix server str Add "str" prefix to server-side manager routines
/prefix switch str Add "str" prefix to switch routine prototypes
/prefix all str    Add "str" prefix to all routines
/win32             Target environment is Microsoft Windows 32-bit (NT)
/ia64              Target environment is Microsoft Windows 64-bit (NT) for IA64
/x64               Target environment is Microsoft Windows for 64-Bit
                   Extended Systems
/protocol dce      Use DCE NDR transfer syntax (default for 32b)
/protocol all      Use all supported transfer syntaxes
[ Press <return> to continue ]
/protocol ndr64    Use Microsoft extension NDR64 transfer syntax
/target {system}   Set the minimum target system


                     -RUNTIME ERROR CHECKING BY STUBS-
/error all         Turn on all the error checking options, the best flavor
/error none        Turn off all the error checking options
/error allocation  Check for out of memory errors
/error bounds_check   Check size vs transmission length specification
/error enum        Check enum values to be in allowable range
/error ref         Check ref pointers to be non-null
/error stub_data   Emit additional check for server side stub data validity
                      All the /error checking above are replaced by /robust
/robust            Generate additonal information to validate parameters.
                   Requires Windows 2000 and after (default)
/no_robust         turn off /robust feature. not applicable for 64-bit Windows


                            -OPTIMIZATION-
/align {N}         Designate packing level of structures
/pack {N}          Designate packing level of structures
/Zp {N}            Designate packing level of structures
/no_format_opt     Skip format string reusage optimization
/Oi                Generate fully interpreted stubs, old style
                   -Oicf is usually better
[ Press <return> to continue ]
/Oic               Generate fully interpreted stubs for standard interfaces and
                   stubless proxies for object interfaces as of NT 3.51 release
                   using -Oicf instead is usually better
/Oicf              Generate fully interpreted stubs with extensions and stubless


                   proxies for object interfaces as of NT 4.0 release (default)
/Oif               Same as -Oicf
/Os                Generate inline stubs


                           -MISCELLANEOUS-
@response_file     Accept input from a response file
/?                 Display a list of MIDL compiler switches
/confirm           Display options without compiling MIDL source
/help              Display a list of MIDL compiler switches
/nologo            Supress displaying of the banner lines
/o filename        Redirects output from screen to a file
/W{0|1|2|3|4}      Specify warning level 0-4 (default = 1)
/WX                Report warnings at specified /W level as errors
/no_warn           Suppress compiler warning messages