三、屏幕连接树莓派无法显示桌面问题解决

场景：前段时间买了驱动板和屏幕，DIY了一个显示器，但是连接树莓派后只显示了开机的服务项加载的命令行界面，到了显示桌面的时候屏幕就会显示“无信号”。
参考文档：https://shumeipai.nxez.com/2013/08/31/hdmi-vga-converter-black-screen-troubleshooting-program.html
有两种修改方法：
1.将内存卡取出插入电脑，修改config.txt文件
2.在树莓派内vim /boot/config.txt

hdmi_force_hotplug=1
config_hdmi_boost=4
hdmi_group=2
hdmi_mode=9
hdmi_drive=2
hdmi_ignore_edid=0xa5000080
disable_overscan=1

解释：
hdmi_force_hotplug：强制使用HDMI输出（强行认为HDMI口已经插入了设备）
config_hdmi_boost：HDMI信号增强。
hdmi_group、hdmi_mode：决定分辨率。group=2, mode=9 代表800×600 @ 60Hz。
hdmi_drive：强制音频输出到HDMI口（注意，仅适用于带音频的HDMI-VGA转换器！！如果想让音频从模拟输出，则去掉此项！！）
hdmi_ignore_edid：强行按hdmi_group和hdmi_mode规定的分辨率输出。不检测显示器自身的分辨率。(重要，博主的树莓派开了这一项后就可以在显示器输出了)
disable_overscan：强行禁止保留黑边功能。

想要在该配置文件修改分辨率的同学请参考https://shumeipai.nxez.com/2013/08/31/custom-display-resolution-raspberry-pie.html
树莓派一般可以自动检测目标设备的分辨率。
但对于部分设备，尤其是HDMI-VGA转换器，分辨率可能会明显不对（过大或过小）。
这时就需要给树莓派指定一个分辨率。

更改树莓派前面那个FAT32分区里的config.txt，修改或加入以下项目：

hdmi_group=****
hdmi_mode=**** 
hdmi_ignore_edid=0xa5000080

hdmi_group和hdmi_mode的值对应想要调整的分辨率。见文后。

另外一项“hdmi_ignore_edid”，是命令树莓派不检测HDMI设备的任何信息，只按照我们指定的分辨率输出。
如果不加，树莓派可能仍会“自作聪明”的检测HDMI设备的分辨率，结果造成我们设置的分辨率无效。
CEA分辨率
以下是CEA规定的电视规格分辨率。这些分辨率的hdmi_group=1。

hdmi_mode=1    VGA
hdmi_mode=2    480p  60Hz
hdmi_mode=3    480p  60Hz  H
hdmi_mode=4    720p  60Hz
hdmi_mode=5    1080i 60Hz
hdmi_mode=6    480i  60Hz
hdmi_mode=7    480i  60Hz  H
hdmi_mode=8    240p  60Hz
hdmi_mode=9    240p  60Hz  H
hdmi_mode=10   480i  60Hz  4x
hdmi_mode=11   480i  60Hz  4x H
hdmi_mode=12   240p  60Hz  4x
hdmi_mode=13   240p  60Hz  4x H
hdmi_mode=14   480p  60Hz  2x
hdmi_mode=15   480p  60Hz  2x H
hdmi_mode=16   1080p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=17   576p  50Hz
hdmi_mode=18   576p  50Hz  H
hdmi_mode=19   720p  50Hz
hdmi_mode=20   1080i 50Hz
hdmi_mode=21   576i  50Hz
hdmi_mode=22   576i  50Hz  H
hdmi_mode=23   288p  50Hz
hdmi_mode=24   288p  50Hz  H
hdmi_mode=25   576i  50Hz  4x
hdmi_mode=26   576i  50Hz  4x H
hdmi_mode=27   288p  50Hz  4x
hdmi_mode=28   288p  50Hz  4x H
hdmi_mode=29   576p  50Hz  2x
hdmi_mode=30   576p  50Hz  2x H
hdmi_mode=31   1080p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=32   1080p 24Hz
hdmi_mode=33   1080p 25Hz
hdmi_mode=34   1080p 30Hz
hdmi_mode=35   480p  60Hz  4x
hdmi_mode=36   480p  60Hz  4xH
hdmi_mode=37   576p  50Hz  4x
hdmi_mode=38   576p  50Hz  4x H
hdmi_mode=39   1080i 50Hz  reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=40   1080i 100Hz
hdmi_mode=41   720p  100Hz
hdmi_mode=42   576p  100Hz
hdmi_mode=43   576p  100Hz H
hdmi_mode=44   576i  100Hz
hdmi_mode=45   576i  100Hz H
hdmi_mode=46   1080i 120Hz
hdmi_mode=47   720p  120Hz
hdmi_mode=48   480p  120Hz
hdmi_mode=49   480p  120Hz H
hdmi_mode=50   480i  120Hz
hdmi_mode=51   480i  120Hz H
hdmi_mode=52   576p  200Hz
hdmi_mode=53   576p  200Hz H
hdmi_mode=54   576i  200Hz
hdmi_mode=55   576i  200Hz H
hdmi_mode=56   480p  240Hz
hdmi_mode=57   480p  240Hz H
hdmi_mode=58   480i  240Hz
hdmi_mode=59   480i  240Hz H
H means 16:9 variant (of a normally 4:3 mode).
2x means pixel doubled (i.e. higher clock rate, with each pixel repeated twice)
4x means pixel quadrupled (i.e. higher clock rate, with each pixel repeated four times)

DMT分辨率
以下是计算机显示器使用的分辨率。这些分辨率的hdmi_group=2。

hdmi_mode=1    640x350   85Hz
hdmi_mode=2    640x400   85Hz
hdmi_mode=3    720x400   85Hz
hdmi_mode=4    640x480   60Hz
hdmi_mode=5    640x480   72Hz
hdmi_mode=6    640x480   75Hz
hdmi_mode=7    640x480   85Hz
hdmi_mode=8    800x600   56Hz
hdmi_mode=9    800x600   60Hz
hdmi_mode=10   800x600   72Hz
hdmi_mode=11   800x600   75Hz
hdmi_mode=12   800x600   85Hz
hdmi_mode=13   800x600   120Hz
hdmi_mode=14   848x480   60Hz
hdmi_mode=15   1024x768  43Hz  DO NOT USE
hdmi_mode=16   1024x768  60Hz
hdmi_mode=17   1024x768  70Hz
hdmi_mode=18   1024x768  75Hz
hdmi_mode=19   1024x768  85Hz
hdmi_mode=20   1024x768  120Hz
hdmi_mode=21   1152x864  75Hz
hdmi_mode=22   1280x768        reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=23   1280x768  60Hz
hdmi_mode=24   1280x768  75Hz
hdmi_mode=25   1280x768  85Hz
hdmi_mode=26   1280x768  120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=27   1280x800        reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=28   1280x800  60Hz
hdmi_mode=29   1280x800  75Hz
hdmi_mode=30   1280x800  85Hz
hdmi_mode=31   1280x800  120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=32   1280x960  60Hz
hdmi_mode=33   1280x960  85Hz
hdmi_mode=34   1280x960  120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=35   1280x1024 60Hz
hdmi_mode=36   1280x1024 75Hz
hdmi_mode=37   1280x1024 85Hz
hdmi_mode=38   1280x1024 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=39   1360x768  60Hz
hdmi_mode=40   1360x768  120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=41   1400x1050       reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=42   1400x1050 60Hz
hdmi_mode=43   1400x1050 75Hz
hdmi_mode=44   1400x1050 85Hz
hdmi_mode=45   1400x1050 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=46   1440x900        reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=47   1440x900  60Hz
hdmi_mode=48   1440x900  75Hz
hdmi_mode=49   1440x900  85Hz
hdmi_mode=50   1440x900  120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=51   1600x1200 60Hz
hdmi_mode=52   1600x1200 65Hz
hdmi_mode=53   1600x1200 70Hz
hdmi_mode=54   1600x1200 75Hz
hdmi_mode=55   1600x1200 85Hz
hdmi_mode=56   1600x1200 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=57   1680x1050       reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=58   1680x1050 60Hz
hdmi_mode=59   1680x1050 75Hz
hdmi_mode=60   1680x1050 85Hz
hdmi_mode=61   1680x1050 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=62   1792x1344 60Hz
hdmi_mode=63   1792x1344 75Hz
hdmi_mode=64   1792x1344 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=65   1856x1392 60Hz
hdmi_mode=66   1856x1392 75Hz
hdmi_mode=67   1856x1392 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=68   1920x1200       reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=69   1920x1200 60Hz
hdmi_mode=70   1920x1200 75Hz
hdmi_mode=71   1920x1200 85Hz
hdmi_mode=72   1920x1200 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=73   1920x1440 60Hz
hdmi_mode=74   1920x1440 75Hz
hdmi_mode=75   1920x1440 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=76   2560x1600       reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=77   2560x1600 60Hz
hdmi_mode=78   2560x1600 75Hz
hdmi_mode=79   2560x1600 85Hz
hdmi_mode=80   2560x1600 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=81   1366x768  60Hz
hdmi_mode=82   1080p     60Hz
hdmi_mode=83   1600x900        reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=84   2048x1152       reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=85   720p      60Hz
hdmi_mode=86   1366x768        reduced blanking