CentOS7防火墙firewalld和iptable的设置和使用

部署了服务器环境之后，服务器正常启动，日志也正常打印，但是服务不能访问，对问题逐一进行排查，最后发现是服务器防火墙设置的问题。于是将防火墙的一些设置方法总结记录如下：

 

1、firewalld的基本使用

启动： systemctl start firewalld
查看状态： systemctl status firewalld
停止： systemctl disable firewalld
禁用： systemctl stop firewalld

2.systemctl是CentOS7的服务管理工具中主要的工具，它融合之前service和chkconfig的功能于一体。

启动一个服务：systemctl start firewalld.service
关闭一个服务：systemctl stop firewalld.service
重启一个服务：systemctl restart firewalld.service
显示一个服务的状态：systemctl status firewalld.service
设置firewall开机启动：systemctl enable firewalld.service
禁止firewall开机启动：systemctl disable firewalld.service
查看服务是否开机启动：systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service
查看已启动的服务列表：systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled
查看启动失败的服务列表：systemctl –failed

3.配置firewalld-cmd

查看版本： firewall-cmd –version
查看帮助： firewall-cmd –help
显示状态： firewall-cmd –state
查看所有打开的端口： firewall-cmd –zone=public –list-ports
更新防火墙规则： firewall-cmd –reload
查看区域信息: firewall-cmd –get-active-zones
查看指定接口所属区域： firewall-cmd –get-zone-of-interface=eth0
拒绝所有包：firewall-cmd –panic-on
取消拒绝状态： firewall-cmd –panic-off
查看是否拒绝： firewall-cmd –query-panic

4.那怎么开启一个端口

添加
firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=80/tcp –permanent （–permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效）
重新载入
firewall-cmd –reload
查看
firewall-cmd –zone= public –query-port=80/tcp
删除
firewall-cmd –zone= public –remove-port=80/tcp –permanent

5.如何开放一个服务

暫時開放 ftp 服務
firewall-cmd –add-service=ftp

永久開放 ftp 服務
firewall-cmd –add-service=ftp –permanent
永久關閉
firewall-cmd –remove-service=ftp –permanent
success

讓設定生效
systemctl restart firewalld

檢視設定是否生效
iptables -L -n | grep 21
ACCEPT tcp – 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:21 ctstate NEW

檢查防火牆狀態
firewall-cmd –state
running

systemctl stop firewalld
firewall-cmd –state
not running

firewall-cmd –list-all
public (default)
interfaces:
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ftp ssh
ports:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:

在 FirewallD 的服務名稱
firewall-cmd –get-service
amanda-client bacula bacula-client dhcp dhcpv6 dhcpv6-client dns ftp 
high-availability http https imaps ipp ipp-client ipsec kerberos kpasswd 
ldap ldaps libvirt libvirt-tls mdns mountd ms-wbt mysql nfs ntp openvpn 
pmcd pmproxy pmwebapi pmwebapis pop3s postgresql proxy-dhcp radius rpc-bind 
samba samba-client smtp ssh telnet tftp tftp-client transmission-client 
vnc-server wbem-https

查詢服務的啟用狀態
firewall-cmd –query-service ftp
yes
firewall-cmd –query-service ssh
yes
firewall-cmd –query-service samba
no
firewall-cmd –query-service http
no

自行加入要開放的 Port
firewall-cmd –add-port=3128/tcp
firewall-cmd –list-all
public (default)
interfaces:
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ftp ssh
ports: 3128/tcp
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:

6.CentOS 7.0默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙，这里改为iptables防火墙步骤。

 

1)、关闭firewall：
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
firewall-cmd –state #查看默认防火墙状态（关闭后显示notrunning，开启后显示running）

2)、iptables防火墙（这里iptables已经安装，下面进行配置）
vi/etc/sysconfig/iptables #编辑防火墙配置文件
sampleconfiguration for iptables service
you can edit thismanually or use system-config-firewall
please do not askus to add additional ports/services to this default configuration
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT[0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT[0:0]
-A INPUT -m state–state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -jACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -jACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -mstate –state NEW -m tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state –state NEW -m tcp –dport 80 -jACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state –state NEW -m tcp –dport 8080-j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT–reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -jREJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
:wq! #保存退出