mysql相关命令的作用总结

1.mysql_config  获取mysql的编译设置

root@nick:/usr/local/mysql/scripts# ./mysql_config
Usage: ./mysql_config [OPTIONS]
Options:
        --cflags         [-I/usr/local/mysql/include  -g]
        --include        [-I/usr/local/mysql/include]
        --libs           [-L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lm -lrt -ldl]
        --libs_r         [-L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient_r -lpthread -lm -lrt -ldl]
        --plugindir      [/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin]
        --socket         [/tmp/mysqld.sock]
        --port           [0]
        --version        [5.5.28]
        --libmysqld-libs [-L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqld]
        --variable=VAR   VAR is one of:
                pkgincludedir [/usr/local/mysql/include]
                pkglibdir     [/usr/local/mysql/lib]
                plugindir     [/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin]

2.mysqld_safe 脚本会在启动MySQL服务器后继续监控其运行情况，并在其死机时重新启动它

root@nick:/usr/local/mysql/scripts# ./mysqld_safe --help
Usage: ./mysqld_safe [OPTIONS]
  --no-defaults              Don't read the system defaults file
  --defaults-file=FILE       Use the specified defaults file
  --defaults-extra-file=FILE Also use defaults from the specified file
  --ledir=DIRECTORY          Look for mysqld in the specified directory
  --open-files-limit=LIMIT   Limit the number of open files
  --core-file-size=LIMIT     Limit core files to the specified size
  --timezone=TZ              Set the system timezone
  --malloc-lib=LIB           Preload shared library LIB if available
  --mysqld=FILE              Use the specified file as mysqld
  --mysqld-version=VERSION   Use "mysqld-VERSION" as mysqld
  --nice=NICE                Set the scheduling priority of mysqld
  --plugin-dir=DIR           Plugins are under DIR or DIR/VERSION, if
                             VERSION is given
  --skip-kill-mysqld         Don't try to kill stray mysqld processes
  --syslog                   Log messages to syslog with 'logger'
  --skip-syslog              Log messages to error log (default)
  --syslog-tag=TAG           Pass -t "mysqld-TAG" to 'logger'

3.mysql_install_db 

当MySQL的系统库（mysql系统库）发生故障或需要新加一个mysql实例时，需要初始化mysql数据库。
需要使用的命令：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --help 可以查看帮助信息如下
Usage: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db [OPTIONS]
  --basedir=path       The path to the MySQL installation directory.
  --cross-bootstrap    For internal use.  Used when building the MySQL system
                       tables on a different host than the target.
  --datadir=path       The path to the MySQL data directory.
  --force              Causes mysql_install_db to run even if DNS does not
                       work.  In that case, grant table entries that normally
                       use hostnames will use IP addresses.
  --ldata=path         The path to the MySQL data directory.
  --rpm                For internal use.  This option is used by RPM files
                       during the MySQL installation process.
  --skip-name-resolve  Use IP addresses rather than hostnames when creating
                       grant table entries.  This option can be useful if
                       your DNS does not work.
  --srcdir=path        For internal use.  The directory under which
                       mysql_install_db looks for support files such as the
                       error message file and the file for popoulating the
                       help tables.
  --user=user_name     The login username to use for running mysqld.  Files
                       and directories created by mysqld will be owned by this
                       user.  You must be root to use this option.  By default
                       mysqld runs using your current login name and files and
                       directories that it creates will be owned by you.

All other options are passed to the mysqld program
除了支持以上的参数，还支持mysqld的参数。

mysqldump 是采用SQL级别的备份机制，它将数据表导成 SQL 脚本文件，数据库大时，占用系统资源较多，支持常用的MyISAM，innodb

 

mysqlhotcopy只是简单的缓存写入和文件复制的过程，占用资源和备份速度比mysqldump快很多很多。特别适合大的数据库，但需要注意的是：mysqlhotcopy只支持MyISAM 引擎