最全的JS数组函数方法介绍

1、数组尾部追加 push

var arr = [1,2,3];
arr.push(4);		//arr = [1,2,3,4]
var arr = [1,2,3];
arr.push(4,5,6);	//arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
var arr = [1,2,3];
arr.push([4,5,6]);	//arr = [1,2,3,[4,5,6]]

push方法有返回值，返回值为数组的长度

2、数组尾部删除 pop

var arr = ["a","b","c"];
arr.pop();		// arr = ["a","b"]

pop方法的返回值是删除元素的值，上述代码中的返回值是"c"

3、数组头部添加 unshift

var arr = ["a","b","c"];
arr.unshift("d");		//arr = ["d","a","b","c"]
var arr = ["a","b","c"];
arr.unshift("d","e");	//arr = ["d","e","a","b","c"]
var arr = ["a","b","c"];
arr.unshift(["d","e"]);	//arr = [["d","e"],"a","b","c"]

unshift方法的返回值是数组的长度

4、数组头部删除 shift

var arr = ["a","b","c"];
arr.shift();		//arr = ["b","c"]

shift方法的返回值是删除元素的值

5、删除指定位置的，并且/或者在指定位置插入元素 splice

var arr = ["a","b","c","e","f"];
arr.splice(1);		//删除从index=1开始后面的所有元素. arr = ["a"]

var arr = ["a","b","c","e","f"];
arr.splice(1,2);	//删除从index=1开始的两个元素. arr = ["a","e","f"];

var arr = ["a","b","c","e","f"];
arr.splice(1,0);	//第二个参数为0时不删除元素. arr = ["a","b","c","e","f"];

var arr = ["a","b","c","e","f"];
arr.splice(1,2,"h","j","l");	//删除从index=1开始的两个元素, 并在index=1处插入第三个参数开始的所有元素. arr = ["a", "h", "j", "l", "e", "f"];

var arr = ["a","b","c","e","f"];	//不删除元素，在index=1处插入第三个参数开始的所有元素. ["a", "h", "b", "c", "e", "f"] 
arr.splice(1,0,"h");

var arr = ["a","b","c","e","f"];
arr.splice(1,0,["h","j"]);		//插入数组，则整个数组当作一个元素. arr = ["a", ["h","j"], "b", "c", "e", "f"] 

splice返回一个数组，数组是由删除元素构成的。如果splice的第二个参数为0，则返回的数组里没有元素。

6、数组反转 reverse

var arr = ["a","b","c"];
var rarr = arr.reverse();	//arr = ["c","b","a"], rarr = ["c","b","a"];

reverse的返回值是反转后的数组

7、数组排序 sort

var arr1 = [2,3,1,11];
arr1.sort();		// arr1 = [1, 11, 2, 3] 
var arr2 = ["2","3","1","11"];
arr2.sort(); 		// arr2 = ["1", "11", "2", "3"] 
var arr3 = ["b","a","c","3","1","2"];
arr3.sort(); 		// arr3 = ["1", "2", "3", "a", "b", "c"]
var arr4 = ["banana","apple","orange","opai"];
arr4.sort(); 		// arr4 = ["apple", "banana", "opai", "orange"] ;
var arr5 = ["美国","中国","俄罗斯","日本"];
arr5.sort(); 		//["中国", "俄罗斯", "日本", "美国"] 
var arr6 = [{key:"small",name:"world"},{key:"big",value:"china"},{key:"mini",name:"japan"}];
arr6.sort();		//arr6未进行排序
arr6.sort(function(a,b){
	return a.key>b.key?1:-1;
});					// arr6  = [{{key:"big",value:"china"},{key:"mini",name:"japan"},key:"small",name:"world"}];

基本类型元素，排序逐个字母按照ascii码值排序，并且数字会转化成数组。对于对象类型，则进行排序；排序可以自定义排序函数，自定义函数返回值大于0，则元素交换，否则不交换。

以上7个函数均会修改数组本身的值。

8、数组追加 concat

var arr = [1,2,3];
var newarr = arr.concat(7,8);	// arr = [1,2,3] newarr = [1,2,3,7,8]

var arr = [1,2,3];
var newarr = arr.concat([5,6]);	// arr = [1,2,3] newarr = [1,2,3,5,6]

var arr = [1,2,3];
var newarr = arr.concat([5,6,[7,8]]);	// arr = [1,2,3] newarr = [1,2,3,5,6,[7,8]]

追加不改变被追加数组的值，返回追加后的数组；追加多个元素和追加一个数组的效果是一样的

9、数组合并成字符串 join

var arr = [1,2,3];
var ret = arr.join("&");	// arr = [1,2,3] ret = "1&2&3"

var arr = [1,2,3,[4,5]];
var ret = arr.join("&");	// arr = [1,2,3,[4,5]] ret = "1&2&3"

var arr = [1,2,3,{hi:"world"}];
var ret = arr.join("&");	// arr = [1,2,3,{hi:"world"}] ret = "1&2&3"

join方法返回组合后的字符串，并且不拼接非基本数据类型。

10、获取数组片段 slice

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
var ret = arr.slice(2,3);		//ret = [3]
var ret11 = arr.slice(3,2);		//ret=[];
var ret12 = arr.slice(3,-2);	//ret=[4,5,6]
var ret13 = arr.slice(3,-5);	//ret=[]
var ret14 = arr.slice(-2,3);	//ret=[]
var ret15 = arr.slice(-7,3);	//ret=[2,3]
var ret21 = arr.slice(3);		//ret=[4,5,6,7,8]
var ret22 = arr.slice(-3);		//ret = [6,7,8]

slice如果是一个参数，则返回从指定位置到结束的元素组成的数组；如果是两个参数，则第一个参数时开始位置，第二个参数时结束位置；如果第一个或者第二个参数时负数，则表示倒数位置。例如-7，表示倒数第7个位置，如果总共8个元素，则表示第二个元素。

11、转换成字符串 toString

var arr = [1,12,4];
var ret = arr.toString();	// ret = 1,12,4

12、获取元素第一次出现的位置 indexOf

var arr = ["a","b","c","d","a","e","c","f"];
var ret1 = arr.indexOf("a");	 //ret = 0
var ret2 = arr.indexOf("a",2);	 //ret = 4
var ret3 = arr.indexOf("a",-2);	 //ret = -1
var ret4 = arr.indexOf("a",-6);	 //ret = 4
var ret5 = arr.indexOf("a",-10); //ret=0

indexOf找不到所需的元素时，返回-1； 从指定位置开始往后找元素第一次出现的位置，如果第二个参数为空的话，默认为0；

13、从后往前获取指定元素第一次出现的位置 lastIndexOf

var arr = ["a","bbb","c","d","a","e","c","f"];
var ret1 = arr.lastIndexOf("a");	 //ret = 4
var ret2 = arr.lastIndexOf("a",2);	 //ret = 0
var ret3 = arr.lastIndexOf("a",-2);	 //ret = 4
var ret4 = arr.lastIndexOf("a",-6);	 //ret = 0
var ret5 = arr.lastIndexOf("a",-10); //ret = -1

lastIndexOf找不到所需的元素时，返回-1；从指定位置开始往前找元素第一次出现的位置，如果第二个参数为空的话，默认是数组的长度。

14、数组循环 forEach

var arr = [5,2,7,,0,8,4], b = 0;
var ret1 = arr.forEach(function(item, index, thisArr){
	// this = {hello:"world"};
	// item 元素的值
	// 元素在数组中的下标
	// 数组
	b ++;
},{hello:"world"});		// b = 6

forEach没有返回值，不提供退出循环的。forEach有个好处是不访问空元素，如上例中第四个元素没有，直接跳过了。

15、数组循环，可以条件退出 every

every方法和forEach类似，不过every中的回调函数如果返回false、0或者不返回时，循环中断，every函数的返回值是false; 其他情况，every继续循环，返回值是true；

16、判断数组中是否存在某个元素 some

var b = 0;
var passed = [2, 5, 8, 1, 4].some(function(element, index, array) {
	b++;
	return element >= 10;
});// passed=false, b = 5
var b = 0;

passed = [12, 5, 8, 1, 4].some(function(element, index, array) {
	b++
	return element >= 10;
});// passed=true, b = 1

some方法是every方法的一种实现，只不过返回值恰好和every相反

17、数组元素筛选 filter

var filtered = [12, 5, 8, 130, 44].filter(function(element) {
    return element >= 10;
}); // filtered = [12, 130, 44]

filter是forEach的一种实现，只不过filter把符合条件的元素返回来了

18 数组循环并创建新数组 map

var ret = [12, 5, 8, 130, 44].map(function(element) {
    return element + 10;
}); // ret = [22, 15, 18, 140, 54]

map是forEach的一种实现，只不过map把每个元素运算之后构成的新素组返回来了

19、循环中获取上一次计算的结果 reduce

var arr = ["a","bc","def","g"];
var ret = arr.reduce(function(prev, cur, index, _arr){
	console.log(prev, cur);
	return cur;
});		// ret = "g"
//打印如下
//a bc
//bc def
//def g 
var arr = ["a","bc","def","g"];
var ret = arr.reduce(function(prev, cur, index, _arr){
	console.log(prev, cur);
	return cur;
},"hello");	// ret = "g"
//打印如下
//hello a
//a bc
//bc def
//def g 

reduce的返回值是最后一次运算的结果， 它的回调函数中的第一个参数是上次运算的结果，第二个是当前元素的值，第三个是当前下表，第四个是数组。
20、逆循环中中获得上一次计算的结果， reduceRight

这个函数的原理其实就是复制数组并将其reverse，然后再reduce。