04： MySQL视图 MySQL存储过程

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-23 17:55:48 发布

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NSD DBA2 DAY04

1 案例1：视图的基本使用

1.1 问题

把/etc/passwd文件的内容存储到db9库下的user表里
添加新字段id 存储记录的行号(在所有字段的前边)
创建视图v1 结构及数据user表的字段、记录一样。
创建视图v2 只有user表shell是/bin/bash用户信息。
分别对视图表和基表执行insert update delete 操作。
删除视图v1 和 v2

1.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：视图的基本使用

什么是视图：是一种虚拟存在的表

内容与真实的表相似，包含一系列带有名称的列和行数据。

视图并不在数据库中以存储的数据的形式存在。

行和列的数据来自定义视图时查询所引用的基本表，并且在具体引用视图时动态生成。

更新视图的数据，就是更新基表的数据

更新基表数据，视图的数据也会跟着改变

1）把/etc/passwd文件的内容存储到db9库下的user表里

[root@mysql51 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
mysql> create database db9;
Query OK, 1 row affected (10.00 sec)
mysql> create table db9.user(username char(20),password char(1),uid \
int(2),gid int(2),comment char(100),homedir char(100),shell char(50));
//创建存储数据的表结构
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
[root@mysql51 ~]# cp /etc/passwd /var/lib/mysql-files/
[root@mysql51 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql-files/
passwd
mysql> load data infile "/var/lib/mysql-files/passwd" into table db9.user fields terminated by ":" lines terminated by "\n"; //导入文件内容到db9.user
Query OK, 41 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 41 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

2）添加新字段id 存储记录的行号(在所有字段的前边)

mysql> alter table db9.user add id int(2) primary key auto_increment first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> use db9;
mysql> desc user;
+----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(2) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| username | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| uid | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| gid | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| comment | char(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| homedir | char(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| shell | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3）创建视图v1 结构及数据user表的字段、记录一样

mysql> create view v1 as select * from user;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4）创建视图v2 只有user表shell是/bin/bash用户信息

mysql> create view v2 as select shell from user;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

5）分别对视图表和基表执行insert update delete 操作

mysql> insert into v1(username,uid) values("jarry",9); //插入记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> update v1 set uid=9 where username="adm"; //更新记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> delete from v1 where uid=9; //删除记录
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

6）删除视图v1 和 v2

mysql> drop view v1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop view v2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注意：对视图操作即是对基本操作，反之亦然！！！

2 案例2：视图进阶操作

2.1 问题

练习OR REPLACE的选项使用
练习WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION 选项的使用
练习WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION 选项的使用

2.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：视图进阶操作

1）创建视图完全格式

mysql> create table user2 select username,uid,gid from user limit 3;
//快速建表（user2表）
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> create table info select username,uid,homedir,shell from user limit 5;
//快速建表（info表）
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

查询user2.username=info.username的字段

mysql> select * from user2 left join info on user2.username=info.username;
+----------+------+------+----------+------+---------+---------------+
| username | uid | gid | username | uid | homedir | shell |
+----------+------+------+----------+------+---------+---------------+
| root | 0 | 0 | root | 0 | /root | /bin/bash |
| bin | 1 | 1 | bin | 1 | /bin | /sbin/nologin |
| daemon | 2 | 2 | daemon | 2 | /sbin | /sbin/nologin |
+----------+------+------+----------+------+---------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2）关联查询建的视图默认不允许修改视图字段的值

mysql> create view v4 as select * from user2 left join info on user2.username=info.username; //创建失败
ERROR 1060 (42S21): Duplicate column name 'username'
mysql> create view v4 as select a.username as ausername,b.username as busername, a.uid as auid,b.uid as buid from user2 a left join info b on a.username=b.username;
//创建成功
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from v4;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+
| ausername | busername | auid | buid |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+
| root | root | 0 | 0 |
| bin | bin | 1 | 1 |
| daemon | daemon | 2 | 2 |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc v4;
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ausername | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| busername | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| auid | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| buid | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3）OR REPLACE的选项使用

创建时，若视图已存在，会替换已有的视图

语法格式：create or replace view视图名as select 查询； //达到修改已有视图的目的

mysql> create or replace view v4 as select a.username as ausername,b.username as busername, a.uid as auid,b.uid as buid from user2 a left join info b on a.username=b.username;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4）WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION

LOCAL和CASCADED关键字决定检查的范围

LOCAL 仅检查当前视图的限制

CASCADED 同时要满足基表的限制（默认值）

mysql> create table user1 select username,uid,shell from user where uid>=5 and uid <=40;
Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 11 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> create view v1 as select username,uid from user1 where uid<=20;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> update v1 set uid=21 where username="sync";
//操作超过视图表的条件限制（uid<=20）之后，在视图表里面查看不到，在基表里可以查看到
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> update user1 set uid=41 where username="ftp";
//基表在超过条件限制（uid>=5 and uid <=40),在基表里依然可以查看到
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> create table a select * from user where uid < 10;
//快速创建一个新表a
Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 7 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> create view v3 as select * from a where uid < 10 with check option;
//不写默认为CASCADED检查自己和a要满足的要求即可
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> update v3 set uid=9 where username="adm"; //更改成功
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> create view v2 as select * from v1 where uid >= 5 with local check option;
//满足自身v2的要求
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> update v2 set uid=9 where username="sync";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0

5）WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION

mysql> create view v5 as select * from v1 where uid >= 5 with cascaded check option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3 案例3：创建存储过程

3.1 问题

存储过程名称为p1
功能显示user表中 shell是/bin/bash的用户个数
调用存储过程p1

3.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：存储过程基本使用

1）创建存储过程

mysql> delimiter // //定义定界符
mysql> create procedure say() //say()随便写括号一定要有
-> begin
-> select * from user where id<=10;
-> end
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delimiter ; //把命令的定界符改回来，分号前有空格
mysql> call say(); //调用存储过程名,在括号里面不写参数时，可以不加括号

2）查看存储过程

方法一：

mysql> show procedure status\G;

方法二：

mysql> select db,name,type from mysql.proc where name= "say";

3）删除存储过程

mysql> drop procedure say;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4）创建存储过程名称为p1

 功能显示user表中 shell是/bin/bash的用户

 调用存储过程p1

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> create procedure p1()
-> begin
-> select count(username) from user where shell="/bin/bash";
-> end
-> //
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call p1();
+-----------+
| shell |
+-----------+
| /bin/bash |
| /bin/bash |
+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4 案例4：存储过程参数的使用

4.1 问题

创建名为p2的存储过程
可以接收用户输入shell的名字
统计user表中用户输入shell名字的个数

4.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：存储过程参数的使用

1）参数类型

MySQL存储过程，共有三种参数类型IN,OUT,INOUT

Create procedure 名称(

类型参数名数据类型,

类型参数名数据类型

）

in 输入参数传递值给存储过程，必须在调用存储过程时指定，在存储过程中修改该参数的值不能；默认类型是in

out 输出参数该值可在存储过程内部被改变，并可返回

inout 输入/输出参数调用时指定，并且可被改变和返回

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> create procedure say2(in username char(10))
-> begin
-> select username;
-> select * from user where username=username;
-> end
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call say2("tom");

2）创建名为p2的存储过程，可以接收用户输入shell的名字，统计user表中用户输入shell名字的个数

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> create procedure p2(out number int)
-> begin
-> select count(username) into @number from user where shell!="/bin/bash";
-> select @number;
-> end
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call p2(@number);
+---------+
| @number |
+---------+
| 38 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

5 案例5：使用循环结构

5.1 问题

定义名称为p3的存储过程
用户可以自定义显示user表记录的行数
若调用时用户没有输入行数，默认显示第1条记录

5.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：算数运算

1）算数运算符号，如图-1所示：

图-1

mysql> set @z=1+2;select @z;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+------+
| @z |
+------+
| 3 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set @x=1; set @y=2;set @z=@x*@y; select @z;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+------+
| @z |
+------+
| 2 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set @x=1; set @y=2;set @z=@x-@y; select @z;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+------+
| @z |
+------+
| -1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set @x=1; set @y=2;set @z=@x/@y; select @z;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+-------------+
| @z |
+-------------+
| 0.500000000 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

declare调用变量不需要@其他都需要

调用变量时，有@符号的变量如@x：调用的是用户自定义变量

没有@符号的变量如x：调用的是存储过程的参数变量

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> create procedure say5(in bash char(20), in nologin char(25), out x int , out y int)
-> begin
-> declare z int ;
-> set z=0;
-> select count(username) into @x from user where shell=bash;
-> select count(username) into @y from user where shell=nologin;
-> set z=@x+@y;
-> select z;
-> end
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call say5("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin",@x,@y);
+------+
| z |
+------+
| 36 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2）条件判断，数值的比较如图-2所示：

图-2

逻辑比较、范围、空、非空、模糊、正则，如图-3所示：

图-3

顺序结构（if判断）当“条件成立”时执行命令序列,否则，不执行任何操作

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> create procedure say6(in x int(1) )
-> begin
-> if x <= 10 then
-> select * from user where id <=x;
-> end if;
-> end
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call say6(1); //条件判断成立，等于1是否成立
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
| id | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> call say6(2);
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
| id | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
| 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
| 2 | bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin |
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3）定义名称为p3的存储过程，用户可以自定义显示user表记录的行数，若调用时用户没有输入行数，默认显示第1条记录

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> create procedure p3(in linenum char(10) )
-> begin
-> if linenum is null then
-> set @linenum=1;
-> select * from user where id=@linenum;
-> else
-> select linenum;
-> select * from user where id=linenum;
-> end if;
-> end
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call p3(null); //不输入查看的行数
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
| id | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> call p3(3); //输入查看的行数
+---------+
| linenum |
+---------+
| 3 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
| id | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
| 3 | daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin |
+----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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04： MySQL视图 MySQL存储过程

TopNSD DBA2 DAY04案例1：视图的基本使用案例2：视图进阶操作案例3：创建存储过程案例4：存储过程参数的使用案例5：使用循环结构1 案例1：视图的基本使用1.1 问题把/etc/passwd文件的内容存储到db9库下的user表里添加新字段id 存储记录的行号(在所有字段的前边) 创建视图v1 结构及数据user表的字段、记录一样。创建...
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