NSD DBA2 DAY04
1 案例1:视图的基本使用
1.1 问题
- 把/etc/passwd文件的内容存储到db9库下的user表里
- 添加新字段id 存储记录的行号(在所有字段的前边)
- 创建视图v1 结构及数据user表的字段、记录一样。
- 创建视图v2 只有user表shell是/bin/bash用户信息 。
- 分别对视图表和基表执行insert update delete 操作。
- 删除视图v1 和 v2
1.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:视图的基本使用
什么是视图:是一种虚拟存在的表
内容与真实的表相似,包含一系列带有名称的列和行数据。
视图并不在数据库中以存储的数据的形式存在。
行和列的数据来自定义视图时查询所引用的基本表,并且在具体引用视图时动态生成。
更新视图的数据,就是更新基表的数据
更新基表数据,视图的数据也会跟着改变
1)把/etc/passwd文件的内容存储到db9库下的user表里
- [root@mysql51 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
- mysql> create database db9;
- Query OK, 1 row affected (10.00 sec)
- mysql> create table db9.user(username char(20),password char(1),uid \
- int(2),gid int(2),comment char(100),homedir char(100),shell char(50));
- //创建存储数据的表结构
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
- [root@mysql51 ~]# cp /etc/passwd /var/lib/mysql-files/
- [root@mysql51 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql-files/
- passwd
- mysql> load data infile "/var/lib/mysql-files/passwd" into table db9.user fields terminated by ":" lines terminated by "\n"; //导入文件内容到db9.user
- Query OK, 41 rows affected (0.02 sec)
- Records: 41 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
2)添加新字段id 存储记录的行号(在所有字段的前边)
- mysql> alter table db9.user add id int(2) primary key auto_increment first;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
- Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> use db9;
- mysql> desc user;
- +----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
- +----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- | id | int(2) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
- | username | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
- | password | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
- | uid | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
- | gid | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
- | comment | char(100) | YES | | NULL | |
- | homedir | char(100) | YES | | NULL | |
- | shell | char(50) | YES | | NULL | |
- +----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3)创建视图v1 结构及数据user表的字段、记录一样
- mysql> create view v1 as select * from user;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4)创建视图v2 只有user表shell是/bin/bash用户信息
- mysql> create view v2 as select shell from user;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
5)分别对视图表和基表执行insert update delete 操作
- mysql> insert into v1(username,uid) values("jarry",9); //插入记录
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> update v1 set uid=9 where username="adm"; //更新记录
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
- Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
- mysql> delete from v1 where uid=9; //删除记录
- Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
6)删除视图v1 和 v2
- mysql> drop view v1;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> drop view v2;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
注意:对视图操作即是对基本操作,反之亦然!!!
2 案例2:视图进阶操作
2.1 问题
- 练习OR REPLACE的选项使用
- 练习WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION 选项的使用
- 练习WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION 选项的使用
2.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:视图进阶操作
1)创建视图完全格式
- mysql> create table user2 select username,uid,gid from user limit 3;
- //快速建表(user2表)
- Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> create table info select username,uid,homedir,shell from user limit 5;
- //快速建表(info表)
- Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec)
- Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
查询user2.username=info.username的字段
- mysql> select * from user2 left join info on user2.username=info.username;
- +----------+------+------+----------+------+---------+---------------+
- | username | uid | gid | username | uid | homedir | shell |
- +----------+------+------+----------+------+---------+---------------+
- | root | 0 | 0 | root | 0 | /root | /bin/bash |
- | bin | 1 | 1 | bin | 1 | /bin | /sbin/nologin |
- | daemon | 2 | 2 | daemon | 2 | /sbin | /sbin/nologin |
- +----------+------+------+----------+------+---------+---------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2)关联查询建的视图 默认不允许修改视图字段的值
- mysql> create view v4 as select * from user2 left join info on user2.username=info.username; //创建失败
- ERROR 1060 (42S21): Duplicate column name 'username'
- mysql> create view v4 as select a.username as ausername,b.username as busername, a.uid as auid,b.uid as buid from user2 a left join info b on a.username=b.username;
- //创建成功
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from v4;
- +-----------+-----------+------+------+
- | ausername | busername | auid | buid |
- +-----------+-----------+------+------+
- | root | root | 0 | 0 |
- | bin | bin | 1 | 1 |
- | daemon | daemon | 2 | 2 |
- +-----------+-----------+------+------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> desc v4;
- +-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
- +-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- | ausername | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
- | busername | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
- | auid | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
- | buid | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
- +-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3)OR REPLACE的选项使用
创建时,若视图已存在,会替换已有的视图
语法格式:create or replace view视图名as select 查询; //达到修改已有视图的目的
- mysql> create or replace view v4 as select a.username as ausername,b.username as busername, a.uid as auid,b.uid as buid from user2 a left join info b on a.username=b.username;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4)WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION
LOCAL和CASCADED关键字决定检查的范围
LOCAL 仅检查当前视图的限制
CASCADED 同时要满足基表的限制(默认值)
- mysql> create table user1 select username,uid,shell from user where uid>=5 and uid <=40;
- Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- Records: 11 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> create view v1 as select username,uid from user1 where uid<=20;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> update v1 set uid=21 where username="sync";
- //操作超过视图表的条件限制(uid<=20)之后,在视图表里面查看不到,在基表里可以查看到
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
- Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
- mysql> update user1 set uid=41 where username="ftp";
- //基表在超过条件限制(uid>=5 and uid <=40),在基表里依然可以查看到
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
- Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
- mysql> create table a select * from user where uid < 10;
- //快速创建一个新表a
- Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- Records: 7 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> create view v3 as select * from a where uid < 10 with check option;
- //不写默认为CASCADED检查自己和a要满足的要求即可
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> update v3 set uid=9 where username="adm"; //更改成功
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> create view v2 as select * from v1 where uid >= 5 with local check option;
- //满足自身v2的要求
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> update v2 set uid=9 where username="sync";
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
5)WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION
- mysql> create view v5 as select * from v1 where uid >= 5 with cascaded check option;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3 案例3:创建存储过程
3.1 问题
- 存储过程名称为p1
- 功能显示user表中 shell是/bin/bash的用户个数
- 调用存储过程p1
3.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:存储过程基本使用
1)创建存储过程
- mysql> delimiter // //定义定界符
- mysql> create procedure say() //say()随便写括号一定要有
- -> begin
- -> select * from user where id<=10;
- -> end
- -> //
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> delimiter ; //把命令的定界符改回来,分号前有空格
- mysql> call say(); //调用存储过程名,在括号里面不写参数时,可以不加括号
2)查看存储过程
方法一:
- mysql> show procedure status\G;
方法二:
- mysql> select db,name,type from mysql.proc where name= "say";
3)删除存储过程
- mysql> drop procedure say;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4)创建存储过程名称为p1
功能显示user表中 shell是/bin/bash的用户
调用存储过程p1
- mysql> delimiter //
- mysql> create procedure p1()
- -> begin
- -> select count(username) from user where shell="/bin/bash";
- -> end
- -> //
- mysql> delimiter ;
- mysql> call p1();
- +-----------+
- | shell |
- +-----------+
- | /bin/bash |
- | /bin/bash |
- +-----------+
- 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
4 案例4:存储过程参数的使用
4.1 问题
- 创建名为p2的存储过程
- 可以接收用户输入shell的名字
- 统计user表中用户输入shell名字的个数
4.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:存储过程参数的使用
1)参数类型
MySQL存储过程,共有三种参数类型IN,OUT,INOUT
Create procedure 名称(
类型 参数名 数据类型,
类型 参数名 数据类型
)
in 输入参数 传递值给存储过程,必须在调用存储过程时指定,在存储过程中修改该参数的值不能;默认类型是in
out 输出参数 该值可在存储过程内部被改变,并可返回
inout 输入/输出参数 调用时指定,并且可被改变和返回
- mysql> delimiter //
- mysql> create procedure say2(in username char(10))
- -> begin
- -> select username;
- -> select * from user where username=username;
- -> end
- -> //
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> delimiter ;
- mysql> call say2("tom");
2)创建名为p2的存储过程,可以接收用户输入shell的名字,统计user表中用户输入shell名字的个数
- mysql> delimiter //
- mysql> create procedure p2(out number int)
- -> begin
- -> select count(username) into @number from user where shell!="/bin/bash";
- -> select @number;
- -> end
- -> //
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> delimiter ;
- mysql> call p2(@number);
- +---------+
- | @number |
- +---------+
- | 38 |
- +---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5 案例5:使用循环结构
5.1 问题
- 定义名称为p3的存储过程
- 用户可以自定义显示user表记录的行数
- 若调用时用户没有输入行数,默认显示第1条记录
5.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:算数运算
1)算数运算符号,如图-1所示:
图-1
- mysql> set @z=1+2;select @z;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- +------+
- | @z |
- +------+
- | 3 |
- +------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> set @x=1; set @y=2;set @z=@x*@y; select @z;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- +------+
- | @z |
- +------+
- | 2 |
- +------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> set @x=1; set @y=2;set @z=@x-@y; select @z;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- +------+
- | @z |
- +------+
- | -1 |
- +------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> set @x=1; set @y=2;set @z=@x/@y; select @z;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- +-------------+
- | @z |
- +-------------+
- | 0.500000000 |
- +-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
declare调用变量不需要@其他都需要
调用变量时,有@符号的变量 如@x:调用的是用户自定义变量
没有@符号的变量 如x:调用的是存储过程的参数变量
- mysql> delimiter //
- mysql> create procedure say5(in bash char(20), in nologin char(25), out x int , out y int)
- -> begin
- -> declare z int ;
- -> set z=0;
- -> select count(username) into @x from user where shell=bash;
- -> select count(username) into @y from user where shell=nologin;
- -> set z=@x+@y;
- -> select z;
- -> end
- -> //
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> delimiter ;
- mysql> call say5("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin",@x,@y);
- +------+
- | z |
- +------+
- | 36 |
- +------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2)条件判断,数值的比较如图-2所示:
图-2
逻辑比较、范围、空、非空、模糊、正则,如图-3所示:
图-3
顺序结构(if判断)当“条件成立”时执行命令序列,否则,不执行任何操作
- mysql> delimiter //
- mysql> create procedure say6(in x int(1) )
- -> begin
- -> if x <= 10 then
- -> select * from user where id <=x;
- -> end if;
- -> end
- -> //
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> delimiter ;
- mysql> call say6(1); //条件判断成立,等于1是否成立
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- | id | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- | 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> call say6(2);
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
- | id | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
- | 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
- | 2 | bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin |
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3)定义名称为p3的存储过程,用户可以自定义显示user表记录的行数,若调用时用户没有输入行数,默认显示第1条记录
- mysql> delimiter //
- mysql> create procedure p3(in linenum char(10) )
- -> begin
- -> if linenum is null then
- -> set @linenum=1;
- -> select * from user where id=@linenum;
- -> else
- -> select linenum;
- -> select * from user where id=linenum;
- -> end if;
- -> end
- -> //
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> delimiter ;
- mysql> call p3(null); //不输入查看的行数
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- | id | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- | 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> call p3(3); //输入查看的行数
- +---------+
- | linenum |
- +---------+
- | 3 |
- +---------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
- | id | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
- | 3 | daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin |
- +----+----------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)