== nginx ==
=== nginx 安装 ===
{{{
1.解压:
[root@localhost ~]# tar xzvf nginx-1.9.1.tar.gz
2.编译安装
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.1]# cd nginx-1.9.1
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.1]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.1]# make install
}}}
=== nginx 启动/关闭 ===
{{{
1.启动
[root@localhost]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
2.关闭
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s stop
当然你也可以找到这个nginx的进程,kill掉。
3.重启
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s reload
}}}
=== nginx 配置文件介绍 ===
{{{
nginx的默认配置文件是nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf
#user nobody; ------>代表运行nginx服务的用户,例如:user www www,分别是用户和用户组
worker_processes 1; ------->启动进程,通常设置成和cpu的数量相等
#error_log logs/error.log; ------>全局错误日志
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;------>全局PID文件
events {
worker_connections 1024;------>工作模式及连接数上限,即单个后台worker process进程的最大并发链接数
}
#设定http服务器,利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;------>#开启高效文件传输模式
#tcp_nopush on;------>此选项用于防止网络阻塞
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;------>连接超时时间
#gzip on;------>开启gzip压缩
server {------>虚拟主机,如果有多个,就写多个server{...}
listen 80;------>侦听80端口
server_name www.xx.com;------>定义使用www.xx.com访问
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main; ------->设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
#默认请求
location / {
root html;------>定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
index index.html index.htm;------>定义首页索引文件的名称
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;------>设置被代理的server的url,例如:https://192.168.99.198/
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;------>https server 默认监听的端口
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;------>公钥证书
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;------>私钥
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
}}}
=== nginx 反向代理配置 ===
{{{
这里以配置vGate为例,为vGate 设置https,http反向代理,每一个vGate 一个配置文件。
1.配置文件目录结构
创建一个conf.d目录,将所有用户的自定义配置文件放在这个目录下。
[root@localhost conf.d]#pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d
2.一个vGate的配置文件示例如下:
server {
listen 80;------>http默认监听的端口
listen 443;------>https默认监听的端口
server_name 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32434;------>这里是以openstack的租户id来作为域名的,你也可以使用其他域名。
ssl on;
#ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vgate.com.crt; ------->这里的两个证书文件可在这里配置,也可以在nginx.conf里配置。
#ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vgate.com.key;
location / {------>对/启动反向代理
proxy_pass https://192.168.99.198/;------>代理的默认跟路径
}
location /log {
proxy_pass https://192.168.99.198/;------>代理的日志页面路径
}
location /statistics {
proxy_pass https://192.168.99.198/;------>代理的数据统计页面路径
}
location /policy {
proxy_pass https://192.168.99.198/;------>代理的安全策略页面路径
}
}
多个conf文件就写多个含有server 信息的文件,内容相差不大,如:
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32434.conf 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32435.conf 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32436.conf u1.conf u2.conf
3.自定义的配置文件写完后,修改nginx主配置文件如下:
[root@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf
#user nobody;
user www www;
worker_processes 4;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
root html;
index index.html;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
}
#gzip on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vgate.com.crt; ----------------->这里的证书文件需要利用openssl生成,然后在这里指定你的证书文件的路径即可,这个路径既可以写在每个自定义的conf中,也可以放在这里,然后其他所有的conf继承这个证书,就是所大家都用这一个证书
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vgate.com.key;
include conf.d/*.conf;------>把自定义的配置文件在nginx主配置文件中include一下即可
}
4.所有的配置文件创建并且修改完后,通过nginx本身提供的配置文件检测命令测试配置文件的正确性:
[root@localhost conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
或者:
[root@localhost conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t -c nginx.conf
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
5.重启nginx服务
[root@localhost conf]# ../sbin/nginx -s reload
6.浏览器访问
6.1 通过域名访问时,要修改/etc/hosts文件,如下:
[root@localhost conf]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.99.197 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32436 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32435 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32434
其中的类似uuid的东西就是你在vgate conf中指定的server_name,192.168.99.197是nginx代理服务器的IP地址。
}}}
=== nginx 安装 ===
{{{
1.解压:
[root@localhost ~]# tar xzvf nginx-1.9.1.tar.gz
2.编译安装
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.1]# cd nginx-1.9.1
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.1]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.9.1]# make install
}}}
=== nginx 启动/关闭 ===
{{{
1.启动
[root@localhost]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
2.关闭
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s stop
当然你也可以找到这个nginx的进程,kill掉。
3.重启
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -s reload
}}}
=== nginx 配置文件介绍 ===
{{{
nginx的默认配置文件是nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf
#user nobody; ------>代表运行nginx服务的用户,例如:user www www,分别是用户和用户组
worker_processes 1; ------->启动进程,通常设置成和cpu的数量相等
#error_log logs/error.log; ------>全局错误日志
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;------>全局PID文件
events {
worker_connections 1024;------>工作模式及连接数上限,即单个后台worker process进程的最大并发链接数
}
#设定http服务器,利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;------>#开启高效文件传输模式
#tcp_nopush on;------>此选项用于防止网络阻塞
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;------>连接超时时间
#gzip on;------>开启gzip压缩
server {------>虚拟主机,如果有多个,就写多个server{...}
listen 80;------>侦听80端口
server_name www.xx.com;------>定义使用www.xx.com访问
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main; ------->设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
#默认请求
location / {
root html;------>定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
index index.html index.htm;------>定义首页索引文件的名称
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;------>设置被代理的server的url,例如:https://192.168.99.198/
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;------>https server 默认监听的端口
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;------>公钥证书
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;------>私钥
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
}}}
=== nginx 反向代理配置 ===
{{{
这里以配置vGate为例,为vGate 设置https,http反向代理,每一个vGate 一个配置文件。
1.配置文件目录结构
创建一个conf.d目录,将所有用户的自定义配置文件放在这个目录下。
[root@localhost conf.d]#pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d
2.一个vGate的配置文件示例如下:
server {
listen 80;------>http默认监听的端口
listen 443;------>https默认监听的端口
server_name 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32434;------>这里是以openstack的租户id来作为域名的,你也可以使用其他域名。
ssl on;
#ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vgate.com.crt; ------->这里的两个证书文件可在这里配置,也可以在nginx.conf里配置。
#ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vgate.com.key;
location / {------>对/启动反向代理
proxy_pass https://192.168.99.198/;------>代理的默认跟路径
}
location /log {
proxy_pass https://192.168.99.198/;------>代理的日志页面路径
}
location /statistics {
proxy_pass https://192.168.99.198/;------>代理的数据统计页面路径
}
location /policy {
proxy_pass https://192.168.99.198/;------>代理的安全策略页面路径
}
}
多个conf文件就写多个含有server 信息的文件,内容相差不大,如:
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32434.conf 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32435.conf 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32436.conf u1.conf u2.conf
3.自定义的配置文件写完后,修改nginx主配置文件如下:
[root@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf
#user nobody;
user www www;
worker_processes 4;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
root html;
index index.html;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
}
#gzip on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vgate.com.crt; ----------------->这里的证书文件需要利用openssl生成,然后在这里指定你的证书文件的路径即可,这个路径既可以写在每个自定义的conf中,也可以放在这里,然后其他所有的conf继承这个证书,就是所大家都用这一个证书
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vgate.com.key;
include conf.d/*.conf;------>把自定义的配置文件在nginx主配置文件中include一下即可
}
4.所有的配置文件创建并且修改完后,通过nginx本身提供的配置文件检测命令测试配置文件的正确性:
[root@localhost conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
或者:
[root@localhost conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t -c nginx.conf
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
5.重启nginx服务
[root@localhost conf]# ../sbin/nginx -s reload
6.浏览器访问
6.1 通过域名访问时,要修改/etc/hosts文件,如下:
[root@localhost conf]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.99.197 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32436 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32435 1232131-3213213-fdfa-24r32434
其中的类似uuid的东西就是你在vgate conf中指定的server_name,192.168.99.197是nginx代理服务器的IP地址。
}}}