Docker的常用命令

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已于 2022-01-28 15:41:51 修改

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker 容器运维

于 2022-01-28 15:38:07 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xjszsd/article/details/122731826

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帮助命令

docker version	# docker版本信息
docker info		# 系统级别的信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #在线帮助文档

官方帮助文档

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   5 weeks ago    448MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   4 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago   231MB
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# 

# 解释
REPOSITORY		# 镜像的仓库
TAG				# 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID		# 镜像的ID
CREATED			# 镜像的创建时间
SIZE			# 镜像的大小

# 可选项
--all , -a		# 列出所有镜像
--quiet , -q	# 只显示镜像的id

docker search 查找镜像

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=stars=2000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12028     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4607      [OK]       
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# 

# 可选项
--filter=stars=3000		# 搜素出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

docker pull 下拉镜像

# 下载镜像，docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest			# 如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Pull complete 		# 分层下载，dockerimages的核心，联合文件系统
8254623a9871: Pull complete 
938e3e06dac4: Pull complete 
ea28ebf28884: Pull complete 
f3cef38785c2: Pull complete 
894f9792565a: Pull complete 
1d8a57523420: Pull complete 
6c676912929f: Pull complete 
ff39fdb566b4: Pull complete 
fff872988aba: Pull complete 
4d34e365ae68: Pull complete 
7886ee20621e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c358e72e100ab493a0304bda35e6f239db2ec8c9bb836d8a427ac34307d074ed		# 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest		# 真实地址

# 等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists 
8254623a9871: Already exists 
938e3e06dac4: Already exists 
ea28ebf28884: Already exists 
f3cef38785c2: Already exists 
894f9792565a: Already exists 
1d8a57523420: Already exists 
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete 
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete 
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete 
d398726627fd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

# 查看本地镜像
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql               5.7                 718a6da099d8        6 days ago          448MB
mysql               latest              0d64f46acfd1        6 days ago          544MB
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        7 months ago        13.3kB

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker rmi -f IMAGE ID						# 删除指定镜像
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker rmi -f IMAGE ID1 IMAGE ID2 IMAGE ID3	# 删除多个镜像
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]#  docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)			# 删除所有镜像

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name=“Name”	容器名字	tomcat01	tomcat02	用来区分容器
-d		后台方式运行
-it		使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p		指定容器的端口		-p 8080:8080
	-p	ip:主机端口：容器端口
	-p	主机端口：容器端口（常用）
	-p	容器端口
	容器端口
-p		随机指定端口


# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@74e82b7980e7 /]# ls	# 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令是不完善的
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@77969f5dcbf9 /]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# ls
bin   dev  fanfan  lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  home    lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

列出所有的运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
		# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a		# 列出正在运行的容器包括历史容器
-n=?	# 显示最近创建的容器
-q		# 只显示当前容器的编号

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
77969f5dcbf9        centos              "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                       xenodochial_bose
74e82b7980e7        centos              "/bin/bash"         16 minutes ago      Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                       silly_cori
a57250395804        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         elated_nash
392d674f4f18        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            8 hours ago         Exited (0) 8 hours ago                         distracted_mcnulty
571d1bc0e8e8        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            23 hours ago        Exited (0) 23 hours ago                        magical_burnell

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker ps -qa
77969f5dcbf9
74e82b7980e7
a57250395804
392d674f4f18
571d1bc0e8e8

退出容器

exit 			# 直接退出容器并关闭
Ctrl + P + Q	# 容器不关闭退出

删除容器

docker rm -f 容器id						# 删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)		# 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm -f	# 删除所有的容器

# 因为 xargs 是将前面的标准输入变成一行，所以这命令就可以看成
# docker rm XXX WWW OOOO，本身就可以删除多个容器，这命令也#
# 等同于 docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

# 然后来说一下 xargs -n 1 这个命令意思是，每行1个，这样不就是 
# docker ps -a -q 这命令的列表输出吗？ 但通过这样，是每1次演
#示1个，所以会看到输出的画面停顿，如果docker ps -a -q | 
# xargs docker rm 这样，就直接来。

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id			# 启动容器
docker restart 容器id			# 重启容器
docker stop 容器id			# 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id			# 强制停止当前的容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker run -d centos

# 问题 docker ps， 发现centos停止了

# 常见的坑， docker 容器使用后台运行， 就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx， 容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -tf --tail number 容器id

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 1 8d1621e09bff
2020-08-11T10:53:15.987702897Z [root@8d1621e09bff /]# exit  	# 日志输出
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo xiaofan;sleep 1;done"
a0d580a21251da97bc050763cf2d5692a455c228fa2a711c3609872008e654c2

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a0d580a21251        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   3 seconds ago       Up 1 second                             lucid_black

# 显示日志
-tf					# 显示日志
--tail number		# 显示日志条数
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 a0d580a21251

查看容器中进程信息ps

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker top df358bc06b17
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY     
root                28498               28482               0                   19:38               ?

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker inspect df358bc06b17
[
    {
        "Id": "df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3",
        "Created": "2020-08-11T11:38:34.935048603Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 28498,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-08-11T11:38:35.216616071Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3/df358bc06b17ef44f215d35d9f46336b28981853069a3739edfc6bd400f99bf3-json.log",
        "Name": "/hungry_heisenberg",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/62926d498bd9d1a6684bb2f9920fb77a2f88896098e66ef93c4b74fcb19f29b6/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af8a2aadbdba9e1e066331ff4bce56398617710a22ef906f9ce4d58bde2d360/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "df358bc06b17",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "4822f9ac2058e8415ebefbfa73f05424fe20cc8280a5720ad3708fa6e80cdb08",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4822f9ac2058",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "5fd269c0a28227241e40cd30658e3ffe8ad6cc3e6514917c867d89d36a31d605",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "30d6017888627cb565618b1639fecf8fc97e1ae4df5a9fd5ddb046d8fb02b565",
                    "EndpointID": "5fd269c0a28227241e40cd30658e3ffe8ad6cc3e6514917c867d89d36a31d605",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]#

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器使用后台方式运行的， 需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

# 测试
[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker exec -it df358bc06b17 /bin/bash
[root@df358bc06b17 /]# ls       
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@df358bc06b17 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 Aug11 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        29     0  0 01:06 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        43    29  0 01:06 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id

# docker exec		# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
# docker attach		# 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器中拷贝文件到主机

docker cp 容器id：容器内路径	目的地主机路径

[root@iZwz92v9xcjopi734c76bdZ ~]# docker cp 7af535f807e0:/home/Test.java /ho

Ich will mit dir S wim

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