2021SC@SDUSC山东大学软件学院软件工程应用与实践--YOLOV5代码分析（十七）yolo.py-2

2021SC@SDUSC

前言

本篇继续分析yolo.py文件的剩下部分。

剩下的只有Model类的部分，该模块的功能很全，不仅包括了模型的搭建，还包括如特征可视化、打印模型信息、TTA推理增强、融合Conv和BN加速等。

init方法

    def __init__(self, cfg='yolov5s.yaml', ch=3, nc=None, anchors=None):  # model, input channels, number of classes
        super().__init__()
        if isinstance(cfg, dict):
            self.yaml = cfg  # model dict
        else:  # is *.yaml
            import yaml  # for torch hub
            self.yaml_file = Path(cfg).name
            with open(cfg) as f:
                self.yaml = yaml.safe_load(f)  # model dict

        # Define model
        ch = self.yaml['ch'] = self.yaml.get('ch', ch)  # input channels
        if nc and nc != self.yaml['nc']:
            LOGGER.info(f"Overriding model.yaml nc={self.yaml['nc']} with nc={nc}")
            self.yaml['nc'] = nc  # override yaml value
        if anchors:
            LOGGER.info(f'Overriding model.yaml anchors with anchors={anchors}')
            self.yaml['anchors'] = round(anchors)  # override yaml value
        self.model, self.save = parse_model(deepcopy(self.yaml), ch=[ch])  # model, savelist
        self.names = [str(i) for i in range(self.yaml['nc'])]  # default names
        self.inplace = self.yaml.get('inplace', True)

        # Build strides, anchors
        m = self.model[-1]  # Detect()
        if isinstance(m, Detect):
            s = 256  # 2x min stride
            m.inplace = self.inplace
            m.stride = torch.tensor([s / x.shape[-2] for x in self.forward(torch.zeros(1, ch, s, s))])  # forward
            m.anchors /= m.stride.view(-1, 1, 1)
            check_anchor_order(m)
            self.stride = m.stride
            self._initialize_biases()  # only run once

        # Init weights, biases
        initialize_weights(self)
        self.info()
        LOGGER.info('')

参数：

        cfg：yaml文件路径

        ch：输入的维度

        nc：预测类别的数量

        anchors：anchor

        if isinstance(cfg, dict):
            self.yaml = cfg  # model dict
        else:  # is *.yaml
            import yaml  # for torch hub
            self.yaml_file = Path(cfg).name
            with open(cfg) as f:
                self.yaml = yaml.safe_load(f)  # model dict

        # Define model
        ch = self.yaml['ch'] = self.yaml.get('ch', ch)  # input channels
        if nc and nc != self.yaml['nc']:
            LOGGER.info(f"Overriding model.yaml nc={self.yaml['nc']} with nc={nc}")
            self.yaml['nc'] = nc  # override yaml value
        if anchors:
            LOGGER.info(f'Overriding model.yaml anchors with anchors={anchors}')
            self.yaml['anchors'] = round(anchors)  # override yaml value
        self.model, self.save = parse_model(deepcopy(self.yaml), ch=[ch])  # model, savelist

读取yaml文件，并增加了ch，即输入维度，最后传给parse_model来构建模型，model为nn.Sequential，即模型的网络i结构，save为层结构中from不为-1的序号。

self.names = [str(i) for i in range(self.yaml['nc'])]  # default names

将类别转为字符串形式

m = self.model[-1]  # Detect()

Detect层

        if isinstance(m, Detect):
            s = 256  # 2x min stride
            m.inplace = self.inplace
            m.stride = torch.tensor([s / x.shape[-2] for x in self.forward(torch.zeros(1, ch, s, s))])  # forward
            m.anchors /= m.stride.view(-1, 1, 1)
            check_anchor_order(m)
            self.stride = m.stride
            self._initialize_biases()  # only run once

stride为三个feature map下采样的倍率，再求出当前feature map的anchor的大小，最后初始化bias

# Init weights, biases
        initialize_weights(self)
        self.info()
        LOGGER.info('')

初始化参数

forward

    def forward(self, x, augment=False, profile=False, visualize=False):
        if augment:
            return self._forward_augment(x)  # augmented inference, None
        return self._forward_once(x, profile, visualize)  # single-scale inference, train

当agument为true时执行_forward_agument，否则执行forward_once

forward_augment函数

    def _forward_augment(self, x):
        img_size = x.shape[-2:]  # height, width
        s = [1, 0.83, 0.67]  # scales
        f = [None, 3, None]  # flips (2-ud, 3-lr)
        y = []  # outputs
        for si, fi in zip(s, f):
            xi = scale_img(x.flip(fi) if fi else x, si, gs=int(self.stride.max()))
            yi = self._forward_once(xi)[0]  # forward
            # cv2.imwrite(f'img_{si}.jpg', 255 * xi[0].cpu().numpy().transpose((1, 2, 0))[:, :, ::-1])  # save
            yi = self._descale_pred(yi, fi, si, img_size)
            y.append(yi)
        return torch.cat(y, 1), None  # augmented inference, train

TTA测试，首先将图片进行缩放，再执行forward_once，最后将推理结果恢复到相对原图图片尺寸。TTA测试即在测试时将原始数据做不同i形式的数据增强，然后取结果的平均值作为最终结果，可以进一步提升结果的精度。

forward_once方法

该方法即模型的forward。

    def _forward_once(self, x, profile=False, visualize=False):
        y, dt = [], []  # outputs
        for m in self.model:
            if m.f != -1:  # if not from previous layer
                x = y[m.f] if isinstance(m.f, int) else [x if j == -1 else y[j] for j in m.f]  # from earlier layers
            if profile:
                self._profile_one_layer(m, x, dt)
            x = m(x)  # run
            y.append(x if m.i in self.save else None)  # save output
            if visualize:
                feature_visualization(x, m.type, m.i, save_dir=visualize)
        return x

参数：

        x：输入数据

        profile：性能评估

        visualize：可视化

如果当前层的输入不是第一层，执行4个concat操作和1个Detect操作。

如果profile为true，执行profile_one_layer，打印日志信息。

接下来就是执行模型前向传播，如果visualize为true执行可视化。

descale_pred方法

    def _descale_pred(self, p, flips, scale, img_size):
        # de-scale predictions following augmented inference (inverse operation)
        if self.inplace:
            p[..., :4] /= scale  # de-scale
            if flips == 2:
                p[..., 1] = img_size[0] - p[..., 1]  # de-flip ud
            elif flips == 3:
                p[..., 0] = img_size[1] - p[..., 0]  # de-flip lr
        else:
            x, y, wh = p[..., 0:1] / scale, p[..., 1:2] / scale, p[..., 2:4] / scale  # de-scale
            if flips == 2:
                y = img_size[0] - y  # de-flip ud
            elif flips == 3:
                x = img_size[1] - x  # de-flip lr
            p = torch.cat((x, y, wh, p[..., 4:]), -1)
        return p

将推理结果恢复到原图图片尺寸

profile_one_layer方法

    def _profile_one_layer(self, m, x, dt):
        c = isinstance(m, Detect)  # is final layer, copy input as inplace fix
        o = thop.profile(m, inputs=(x.copy() if c else x,), verbose=False)[0] / 1E9 * 2 if thop else 0  # FLOPs
        t = time_sync()
        for _ in range(10):
            m(x.copy() if c else x)
        dt.append((time_sync() - t) * 100)
        if m == self.model[0]:
            LOGGER.info(f"{'time (ms)':>10s} {'GFLOPs':>10s} {'params':>10s}  {'module'}")
        LOGGER.info(f'{dt[-1]:10.2f} {o:10.2f} {m.np:10.0f}  {m.type}')
        if c:
            LOGGER.info(f"{sum(dt):10.2f} {'-':>10s} {'-':>10s}  Total")

打印日志信息，包括FLOPs、时间、参数信息等。

initialize_biases方法

    def _initialize_biases(self, cf=None):  # initialize biases into Detect(), cf is class frequency
        # https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002 section 3.3
        # cf = torch.bincount(torch.tensor(np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)[:, 0]).long(), minlength=nc) + 1.
        m = self.model[-1]  # Detect() module
        for mi, s in zip(m.m, m.stride):  # from
            b = mi.bias.view(m.na, -1)  # conv.bias(255) to (3,85)
            b.data[:, 4] += math.log(8 / (640 / s) ** 2)  # obj (8 objects per 640 image)
            b.data[:, 5:] += math.log(0.6 / (m.nc - 0.99)) if cf is None else torch.log(cf / cf.sum())  # cls
            mi.bias = torch.nn.Parameter(b.view(-1), requires_grad=True)

初始化bias

print_biases方法

    def _print_biases(self):
        m = self.model[-1]  # Detect() module
        for mi in m.m:  # from
            b = mi.bias.detach().view(m.na, -1).T  # conv.bias(255) to (3,85)
            LOGGER.info(
                ('%6g Conv2d.bias:' + '%10.3g' * 6) % (mi.weight.shape[1], *b[:5].mean(1).tolist(), b[5:].mean()))

输出bias信息。

fuse方法

    def fuse(self):  # fuse model Conv2d() + BatchNorm2d() layers
        LOGGER.info('Fusing layers... ')
        for m in self.model.modules():
            if isinstance(m, (Conv, DWConv)) and hasattr(m, 'bn'):
                m.conv = fuse_conv_and_bn(m.conv, m.bn)  # update conv
                delattr(m, 'bn')  # remove batchnorm
                m.forward = m.forward_fuse  # update forward
        self.info()
        return self

融合Conv层和BN层。

autoshape方法

    def autoshape(self):  # add AutoShape module
        LOGGER.info('Adding AutoShape... ')
        m = AutoShape(self)  # wrap model
        copy_attr(m, self, include=('yaml', 'nc', 'hyp', 'names', 'stride'), exclude=())  # copy attributes
        return m

直接调用AutoShape方法

详细参考队友的博客。

info方法

    def info(self, verbose=False, img_size=640):  # print model information
        model_info(self, verbose, img_size)

输出模型信息。

总结

这部分代码反而是比较简单的，主要是作者封装的太好了，很多代码在外部已经写好了，所以在模型定义的部分代码反而简单了很多。

到此我的代码分析的部分全部结束了，下一篇博客，也就是本门课程的最后一门博客，我将总结一下yolov5以及个人的心得。