Java学习日记（01-10天，java基本语法）

01.搭建环境

搭建java环境，成功后可以看到java版本信息，如图

在eclipse创建一个java项目：

02.基本算数操作

在println里可以使用字符串拼接输出，代码：

package xjx;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class My {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int a, b, ans;
		double a1, b1, ans1;
		
		a = 28;
		b = 6;
		a1 = 2.1;
		b1 = 2.9;
		
		//Addition
		ans = a + b;
		ans1 = a1 + b1;
		System.out.println("" + a + " + " + b + " = " + ans);
		System.out.println("" + a1 + " + " + b1 + " = " + ans1);
		
		//Subtraction
		ans = a - b;
		ans1 = a1 - b1;
		System.out.println("" + a + " - " + b + " = " + ans);
		System.out.println("" + a1 + " - " + b1 + " = " + ans1);
		
		//Multiplication
		ans = a * b;
		ans1 = a1 * b1;
		System.out.println("" + a + " * " + b + " = " + ans);
		System.out.println("" + a1 + " * " + b1 + " = " + ans1);
		
		//Division
		ans = a / b;
		ans1 = a1 / b1;
		System.out.println("" + a + " / " + b + " = " + ans);
		System.out.println("" + a1 + " / " + b1 + " = " + ans1);
		
		//Modulus
		ans = a % b;
		System.out.println("" + a + " % " + b + " = " + ans);
	}

}

运行结果：

03.基本if语句

使用if else语句计算绝对值和函数的调用，每个函数头部规范注释，代码：

package xjx;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class My {
	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int num1, num2;
		
		num1 = 6;
		if (num1 >= 0) {
			num2 = num1;
		} else {
			num2 = -num1;
		}
		System.out.println("The absolute value of " + num1 + " is " + num2);

		num1 = -3;
		if (num1 >= 0) {
			num2 = num1;
		} else {
			num2 = -num1;
		}
		System.out.println("The absolute value of " + num1 + " is " + num2);

		num1 = 6;
		System.out.println("The absolute value of " + num1 + " is " + abs(num1));
		num1 = -8;
		System.out.println("The absolute value of " + num1 + " is " + abs(num1));
	}
	/**
	 *********************
	 * The absolute value of the given parameter.
	 * 
	 * @param value The given value.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static int abs(int value) {
		if (value >= 0) {
			return value;
		} else {
			return -value;
		}
	}

}

运行结果：

04.闰年的计算

分别用两种判断方法：
第一种：

public static boolean isLeapYear(int paraYear) {//闰年判断条件
		if ((paraYear % 4 == 0) && (paraYear % 100 != 0) || (paraYear % 400 == 0)) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

第二种：

public static boolean isLeapYearV2(int paraYear) {
		if (paraYear % 4 != 0) {
			return false;
		} else if (paraYear % 400 == 0) {
			return true;
		} else if (paraYear % 100 == 0) {
			return false;
		} else {
			return true;
		}
	}

运行结果：

05.基本switch语句

switch用来实现多分支判断，计算switch中的数值，在case中查找相应的数值，如果找到，就从这里开始执行程序代码，遇到break就退出switch。default 是当要判断的值与所有的case值都不匹配时，程序就从default开始执行。
用给分数分等级的例子，分数为90-100，为A，80-89为B，70-79为C，60-69为D，0-59为F，其他分数是E，代码：

package xjx;

public class My {
	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		scoreToLevelTest();
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Score to level.
	 * 
	 * @param paraScore From 0 to 100.
	 * @return The level from A to F.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static char scoreToLevel(int paraScore) {
		char resultLevel = 'E';
		int tempDigitalLevel = paraScore / 10;
		
		switch (tempDigitalLevel) {
		case 10:
		case 9:
			resultLevel = 'A';
			break;
		case 8:
			resultLevel = 'B';
			break;
		case 7:
			resultLevel = 'C';
			break;
		case 6:
			resultLevel = 'D';
			break;
		case 5:
		case 4:
		case 3:
		case 2:
		case 1:
		case 0:
			resultLevel = 'F';
			break;
		default:
			resultLevel = 'E';
		}

		return resultLevel;
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Method unit test.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void scoreToLevelTest() {
		int tempScore = 100;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 91;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 82;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 75;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 66;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 52;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 8;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 120;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));
	}
}

运行截图：

06.基本for语句

算法的时间复杂度一般可以通过循环语句判断，一般一秒内可以循环1e8次，for循环的表达式为：for（单次表达式;条件表达式;末尾循环体）{中间循环体；}
代码：

package xjx;

public class My {
	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		forStatementTest();
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Method unit test.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void forStatementTest() {
		int tempN = 10;
		System.out.println("1 add to " + tempN + " is: " + addToN(tempN));

		tempN = 0;
		System.out.println("1 add to " + tempN + " is: " + addToN(tempN));

		int tempStepLength = 1;
		tempN = 10;
		System.out.println("1 add to " + tempN + " with step length " + tempStepLength + " is: "
				+ addToNWithStepLength(tempN, tempStepLength));

		tempStepLength = 2;
		System.out.println("1 add to " + tempN + " with step length " + tempStepLength + " is: "
				+ addToNWithStepLength(tempN, tempStepLength));
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Add from 1 to N.
	 * 
	 * @param paraN The given upper bound.
	 * @return The sum.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static int addToN(int paraN) {
		int resultSum = 0;

		for (int i = 1; i <= paraN; i++) {
			resultSum += i;
		}

		return resultSum;
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Add from 1 to N with a step length.
	 * 
	 * @param paraN          The given upper bound.
	 * @param paraStepLength The given step length.
	 * @return The sum.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static int addToNWithStepLength(int paraN, int paraStepLength) {
		int resultSum = 0;

		for (int i = 1; i <= paraN; i += paraStepLength) {
			resultSum += i;
		}

		return resultSum;
	}
}

运行结果：
第三个例子和第四个例子分别表示从1开始依此加到10的结果，从1开始每隔一个数加到10的结果。

07.矩阵元素相加

矩阵是一个二维数组，通过双重for循环对矩阵赋值，i表示行，j表示列。
代码：

package xjx;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class My {
	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		matrixElementSumTest();
	}
	
	/**
	 *********************
	 * Add two matrices. Attention: NO error check is provided at this moment.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix1 The first matrix matrix.
	 * @param paraMatrix2 The second matrix matrix. It should have the same size as
	 *                    the first one.
	 * @return The addition of these matrices.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static int[][] matrixAddition(int[][] paraMatrix1, int[][] paraMatrix2) {
		int[][] resultMatrix = new int[paraMatrix1.length][paraMatrix1[0].length];

		for (int i = 0; i < paraMatrix1.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < paraMatrix1[0].length; j++) {
				resultMatrix[i][j] = paraMatrix1[i][j] + paraMatrix2[i][j];
			}
		}

		return resultMatrix;
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Unit test for respective method.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void matrixElementSumTest() {
		int[][] tempMatrix = new int[3][4];
		int resultSum = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < tempMatrix.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < tempMatrix[0].length; j++) {
				tempMatrix[i][j] = i * 10 + j;
				resultSum += tempMatrix[i][j];
			}
		}

		System.out.println("The matrix is: \r\n" + Arrays.deepToString(tempMatrix));
		System.out.println("The matrix element sum is: " + resultSum + "\r\n");
		int[][] tempNewMatrix = matrixAddition(tempMatrix, tempMatrix);
		System.out.println("相加后：\r\nThe new matrix is: \r\n" + Arrays.deepToString(tempNewMatrix));
	}
}

先对矩阵内的元素求了总和，然后再让矩阵自加，运行结果：

08.矩阵相乘

矩阵相乘需要用到三重循环，因为通常A矩阵为m行n列，B矩阵为n行s列的，所以相乘后的矩阵C=AB结果为m行s列的。第一重循环用来实现m行的，第二重循环用来实现s列的，第三重循环用于实现读取矩阵A的n列及矩阵B的n行。
在矩阵相乘前要先对两个矩阵是否能相乘进行错误判断，A矩阵的列数必须和B矩阵的行数相等，否则不能相乘，代码：

package xjx;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class My {
	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		matrixMultiplicationTest();
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Unit test for respective method.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void matrixMultiplicationTest() {
		int[][] tempFirstMatrix = new int[2][3];
		for (int i = 0; i < tempFirstMatrix.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < tempFirstMatrix[0].length; j++) {
				tempFirstMatrix[i][j] = i + j;
			}
		}
		System.out.println("第一个矩阵: \r\n" + Arrays.deepToString(tempFirstMatrix));

		int[][] tempSecondMatrix = new int[3][2];
		for (int i = 0; i < tempSecondMatrix.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < tempSecondMatrix[0].length; j++) {
				tempSecondMatrix[i][j] = i * 10 + j;
			}
		} 
		System.out.println("第二个矩阵: \r\n" + Arrays.deepToString(tempSecondMatrix));

		int[][] tempThirdMatrix = multiplication(tempFirstMatrix, tempSecondMatrix);
		System.out.println("第一个矩阵和第二个矩阵相乘后：\r\nThe third matrix is: \r\n" + Arrays.deepToString(tempThirdMatrix));

		System.out.println("让第一个矩阵自乘.\r\n");
		tempThirdMatrix = multiplication(tempFirstMatrix, tempFirstMatrix);
		System.out.println("相乘后的矩阵: \r\n" + Arrays.deepToString(tempThirdMatrix));
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Matrix multiplication. The columns of the first matrix should be equal to the
	 * rows of the second one.
	 * 
	 * @param paraFirstMatrix  The first matrix.
	 * @param paraSecondMatrix The second matrix.
	 * @return The result matrix.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static int[][] multiplication(int[][] paraFirstMatrix, int[][] paraSecondMatrix) {
		int m = paraFirstMatrix.length;
		int n = paraFirstMatrix[0].length;
		int p = paraSecondMatrix[0].length;

		if (paraSecondMatrix.length != n) {
			System.out.println("两个矩阵不能相乘");
			return null;
		}

		int[][] resultMatrix = new int[m][p];
		for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < p; j++) {
				for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
					resultMatrix[i][j] += paraFirstMatrix[i][k] * paraSecondMatrix[k][j];
				}
			} 
		} 

		return resultMatrix;
	}
}

运行结果：

09.while语句

用两种while方法：
第一种，直接在while判断条件里判断sum是否小于等于max，当sum大于max时自动结束循环，代码：

while (tempSum <= tempMax) {
			tempValue++;
			tempSum += tempValue;
			System.out.println("value = " + tempValue + ", tempSum = " + tempSum);
}
tempSum -= tempValue;
System.out.println("The sum not exceeding " + tempMax + " is: " + tempSum);

第二种，while里的判断条件为true，while会一直循环，在while循环体内加一个判断，当sum大于max时使用break跳出循环，代码：

while (true) {
			tempValue++;
			tempSum += tempValue;
			System.out.println("tempValue = " + tempValue + ", tempSum = " + tempSum);

			if (tempMax < tempSum) {
				break;
			}
}
tempSum -= tempValue;
System.out.println("The sum not exceeding " + tempMax + " is: " + tempSum);

两种代码得到的结果是一样的：

10.综合任务1

题目：
学生的成绩存放于一个矩阵，其中行表示学生，列表示科目。如：第 0 行表示第 0 个学生的数学、语文、英语成绩。要求：
1、进行学生成绩的随机生成, 区间为 [50, 100].
2、找出成绩最好、最差的同学。但有挂科的同学不参加评比.
题解：
先用随机数生成一个十行三列的矩阵，表示十个学生的语数外成绩，随机数使用Random类，tempRandom.nextInt(50)，表示在0-50范围内随机生成一个数字，然后生成的随机数加上50就可以表示区间[50,100]的分数了。
双重循环计算每个学生的总分，如果该学生有一科成绩低于60分，那么总分赋值为0，不参与评比。
for循环找出成绩最好的学生和最差的学生，当遇到分数为0的学生时，使用continue语句略过，继续循环。
代码：

package xjx;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

public class My {
	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args
	 *            Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		task1();
	}

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Method unit test.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void task1() {
		int n = 10;
		int m = 3;
		int lowerBound = 50;
		int upperBound = 100;
		int threshold = 60;
		Random tempRandom = new Random();
		int[][] data = new int[n][m];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
				data[i][j] = lowerBound + tempRandom.nextInt(upperBound - lowerBound);
			} 
		}
		//System.out.println("The data is:\r\n" + Arrays.deepToString(data));
		int[] totalScores = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
				if (data[i][j] < threshold) {
					totalScores[i]=0;
					break;
				}
				totalScores[i]+=data[i][j];
			}
		}
		System.out.println("The total scores are:\r\n" + Arrays.toString(totalScores));
		int tempBestIndex = -1;
		int tempWorstIndex = -1;
		int tempBestScore = 0;
		int tempWorstScore = m * upperBound + 1;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (totalScores[i] == 0) {
				continue;
			}
			if (tempBestScore < totalScores[i]) {
				tempBestScore = totalScores[i];
				tempBestIndex = i;
			}
			if (tempWorstScore > totalScores[i]) {
				tempWorstScore = totalScores[i];
				tempWorstIndex = i;
			}
		}
		if (tempBestIndex == -1) {
			System.out.println("Cannot find best student. All students have failed.");
		} else {
			tempBestIndex++;
			System.out.println("The best student is No." + tempBestIndex + " with scores: "
					+ Arrays.toString(data[tempBestIndex-1]));
		}
		if (tempWorstIndex == -1) {
			System.out.println("Cannot find worst student. All students have failed.");
		} else {
			tempWorstIndex++;
			System.out.println("The worst student is No." + tempWorstIndex + " with scores: "
					+ Arrays.toString(data[tempWorstIndex-1]));
		}
	}
}

运行结果：