Django综合案例之英雄人物1

用django + Vue实现 游戏 英雄人物的管理系统，系统分为djangoAPI 和 Vue页面

django API 实现流程如下所示：

•     创建django项目，创建APP

在指定目录下cmd回车进入黑窗口：

创建django项目命令：django-admin startproject 项目名；cd 项目名进入项目；

创建APP：python manage.py startapp 应用名

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C:\Users\32976\Desktop\p5code>django-admin startproject project11

C:\Users\32976\Desktop\p5code>cd project11

C:\Users\32976\Desktop\p5code\project11>python manage.py startapp myapp

• 修改配置信息

在settings.py中修改配置信息

1. 注册子应用

2. 实现后端跨域

3. 配置数据库

4. 转换为中文(可换可不换）

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'corsheaders',          #跨域
    'rest_framework',       #drf框架
    'myapp',                #注册子应用
    'django_filters',       #过滤

]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',            #关闭csrf
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',            #跨域
]

CORS_DRIGIN_ALLOW_ALL=True        #允许所有源跨域
....
DATABASES = {                            #数据库配置
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'HOST':'localhost',            
        'PORT':3306,                    #端口
        'USER':'root',                    
        'PASSWORD':'xxxxxxx',            #密码
        'NAME': 'hero',                 #数据库名
    }
}

....
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

• 创建模型类， 注意：游戏 与 英雄人物 一对多关联

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Game(models.Model):
    game_name=models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name='游戏名称')
    class Meta:
        verbose_name='游戏表'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
        db_table='game'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.game_name

class Hero(models.Model):
    hero_name=models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name='英雄名')
    atk=models.IntegerField(verbose_name='攻击力')
    level=models.IntegerField(verbose_name='等级')
    game=models.ForeignKey(Game,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    class Meta:
        verbose_name='英雄表'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name
        db_table='hero'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.hero_name

• 添加后台管理、迁移文件、创建超级用户等

from django.contrib import admin        #admin控制台

# Register your models here.

from myapp import models
admin.site.register(models.Game)
admin.site.register(models.Hero)

创建模型类命令：     python manage.py makemigrations
生成迁移文件命令：   python manage.py migrate
创建超级用户命令：   python manage.py createsuperuser——自定义用户名——设置密码等
添加测试数据：       站点添加数据或SQL数据库添加数据

• 创建序列化器

from rest_framework import serializers
from myapp.models import Game,Hero
class GameSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Game
        fields='__all__'
class HeroSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Hero
        fields='__all__'

#只能序列化，不能反序列化
class HerosSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):        #外键显示为文字
    game=serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True)    
    class Meta:
        model=Hero
        fields='__all__'

• 创建视图，实现数据操作：增、删、改、查

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
from myapp.models import Game,Hero
from myapp.serializers import GameSerializers,HeroSerializers,HerosSerializers

#过滤器
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter
class GameFilter(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GameSerializers
    filter_backends = (SearchFilter,)
    search_fields= ['=game_name']           #根据游戏名查游戏信息

class HeroView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Hero.objects.all()           #英雄信息
    serializer_class = HeroSerializers

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
class HeroView2(ListAPIView):
    queryset = Hero.objects.all()
    serializer_class = HerosSerializers
    filter_backends = (SearchFilter,OrderingFilter)
    search_fields = ['game__id','game__game_name']      #游戏名或游戏id查游戏信息
    ordering_fields=['level']   

配置路由，提供API接口

与django项目同名的文件下的urls.py进行路由分发

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from myapp import urls

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('',include(urls)),
]

子应用文件下创建urls.py配置路由

from django.urls import path
from myapp import views
from rest_framework import routers


urlpatterns = [
    path('hero2/',views.HeroView2.as_view()),      
]

router=routers.SimpleRouter()
router.register('game',views.GameFilter,'game')
router.register('hero',views.HeroView,'hero')
urlpatterns +=router.urls

以上为英雄人物综合案例的后端流程，下次我们继续分享vue前端流程，谢谢大家喜欢！