java8 List 转 Map

场景：List循环遍历取数非常繁琐，要遍历多次，可能还存在嵌套循环的场景。那么是否能把List的数据变成Map的格式，
或者提取出ID列表。java8提供一种优雅的转化方式，如下： 

    @Test
    void testJava8() {

        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        userList.add(new User(1001,"zhangsan"));
        userList.add(new User(1002,"lisi"));
        userList.add(new User(1003,"wangwu"));

        //把 List<User>中,以User的某一个字段为维度，提取出一个 List
        //[1001, 1002, 1003]
        List<Integer> list = userList.stream().map(User::getUserId).collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(list);

        //{1001=zhangsan, 1002=lisi, 1003=wangwu}
        Map<Integer, String> map = userList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(User::getUserId, User::getName));
        System.out.println(map);

        //{1001=User(userId=1001, name=zhangsan), 1002=User(userId=1002, name=lisi), 1003=User(userId=1003, name=wangwu)}
        Map<Integer, User> userMap = userList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(User::getUserId, user -> user));
        System.out.println(userMap);
    }