什么是soap

在这里插入图片描述

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) 顾名思义,是一个严格定义的信息交换协议,用于在Web Service中把远程调用和返回封装成机器可读的格式化数据。事实上SOAP数据使用XML数据格式,定义了一整套复杂的标签,以描述调用的远程过程、参数、返回值和出错信息等等。而且随着需要的增长,又不得增加协议以支持安全性,这使SOAP变得异常庞大,背离了简单的初衷。另一方面,各个服务器都可以基于这个协议推出自己的API,即使它们提供的服务及其相似,定义的API也不尽相同,这又导致了WSDL的诞生。WSDL (Web Service Description Language) 也遵循XML格式,用来描述哪个服务器提供什么服务,怎样找到它,以及该服务使用怎样的接口规范,简言之,服务发现。现在,使用Web Service的过程变成,获得该服务的WSDL描述,根据WSDL构造一条格式化的SOAP请求发送给服务器,然后接收一条同样SOAP格式的应答,最后根据先前的WSDL解码数据。绝大多数情况下,请求和应答使用HTTP协议传输,那么发送请求就使用HTTP的POST方法。

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