CentOS 6.5升级Python和安装pip、IPython

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CentOS 6.5升级Python和安装pip、IPython

1、安装开发库文件


编译Python只要有gcc编译器就足够了，但一些扩展模块需要额外的库，否则一些Python模块将不可用（比如Python的zlib模块需要zlib-devel，ssl模块需要openssl-devel）。用户可以根据需要，选择性的安装这些扩展模块。这里我们安装zlib、ssl和sqlite3的库文件。


 yum install zlib-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel
2、下载Python


目前最新版本为2.7.8。  也可以是2.7.9


wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.8/Python-2.7.8.tgz
tar xvf Python-2.7.8.tgz
3、编译安装


为了方便管理，将Python安装到/usr/local/python路径下。


cd Python-2.7.8 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
make
make install
4、替换系统自带Python


安装后，Python 2.7.8的可执行文件位于/usr/local/python/bin。先将系统自带的Python重命名为python2.6，再创建新的Python到/usr/bin目录下的符号链接。


mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6  #其实不要这句也行，加上了预防万一
ln -sf /usr/local/python/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
再执行python -V查看版本


5、修正yum
现在，系统默认调用Python 2.7.8，执行yum会出现如图四所示错误。


yum无法执行
解决方法：将/usr/bin/yum文件开头的第一行代码：
#!/usr/bin/python
修改为：


#!/usr/bin/python2.6
6、安装setuptools和pip


玩Python不能没有setuptools和pip。这里使用pip提供的安装脚本，自动安装setuptools和pip。


wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python get-pip.py  #多测几次，中间可能会出错！！！！
因为之前更改了Python的安装目录，Python扩展模块的可执行文件会被安装到/usr/local/python/bin目录下。为了能够直接运行这些文件，我们要么创建到/usr/bin目录下的符号链接，要么将/usr/local/python/bin目录添加到PATH环境变量中。为了避免不必要的冲突，这里采用创建符号链接的方式。


ln -sf /usr/local/python/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
ln -sf /usr/local/python/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install
7、安装IPython


有了pip，安装IPython简直So easy。（同样将IPython的可执行文件链接到/usr/bin目录下）


pip install ipython
ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/ipython /usr/bin/ipython




安装IPython
8、安装readline扩展模块
没有readline支持的IPython弱得没法用。这里安装readline：


yum install readline-devel
yum install patch  #相信我，不安装这个就无法编译readline
pip install readline
之后，IPython的高亮显示和代码补完等功能就可以用了，如图六所示。当然，现在的IPython只具备了最基本的功能，还有一些模块没有安装，所以无法使用诸如并行计算、Qt Console、Notebook等功能。不过这不是我们这篇文章要讨论的内容了。以后有时间会写一篇安装使用IPython其他模块和功能的文章。


安装好的IPython
参考文档 


http://blog.csdn.net/handsomekang/article/details/11693899
https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing.html
http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/2/install/install.html
  补充 


  第6步以后： 
  #  which pip
/usr/local/python3.5.1/bin/pip
   /usr/local/python3.5.1/bin下的多出了：
         easy_install、easy_install-3.5
      pip、pip3、pip3.5
  #  ln -sf /usr/local/python3.5.1/bin/easy_install-3.5 /usr/bin/easy_install


  第7步的安装过程显示：
  # pip install ipython
Collecting ipython
  Downloading ipython-4.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (736kB)
    100% |################################| 737kB 11kB/s
Collecting simplegeneric>0.8 (from ipython)
  Downloading simplegeneric-0.8.1.zip
Collecting setuptools>=18.5 (from ipython)
  Downloading setuptools-21.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (509kB)
    100% |################################| 512kB 22kB/s
Collecting traitlets (from ipython)
  Downloading traitlets-4.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67kB)
    100% |################################| 71kB 42kB/s
Collecting pexpect (from ipython)
  Downloading pexpect-4.0.1.tar.gz (143kB)
    100% |################################| 153kB 7.3kB/s
Collecting decorator (from ipython)
  Downloading decorator-4.0.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting backports.shutil-get-terminal-size (from ipython)
  Downloading backports.shutil_get_terminal_size-1.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pickleshare (from ipython)
  Downloading pickleshare-0.7.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting ipython-genutils (from traitlets->ipython)
  Downloading ipython_genutils-0.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting ptyprocess>=0.5 (from pexpect->ipython)
  Downloading ptyprocess-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: simplegeneric, pexpect
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for simplegeneric ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/7b/31/08/c85e74c84188cbec6a6827beec4d640f2bd78ae003dc1ec09d
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for pexpect ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/f2/65/89/09578bcd0efeabc7e2b0079cd62d3955c1477f2e55aa5031a4
Successfully built simplegeneric pexpect
Installing collected packages: simplegeneric, setuptools, ipython-genutils, decorator, traitlets, ptyprocess, pexpect, backports.shutil-get-terminal-size, pickleshare, ipython
  Found existing installation: setuptools 18.2
    Uninstalling setuptools-18.2:
      Successfully uninstalled setuptools-18.2
Successfully installed backports.shutil-get-terminal-size-1.0.0 decorator-4.0.9 ipython-4.2.0 ipython-genutils-0.1.0 pexpect-4.0.1 pickleshare-0.7.2 ptyprocess-0.5.1 setuptools-21.0.0 simplegeneric-0.8.1 traitlets-4.2.1