DevExpress看明白代码--Northwind完整案例解读

#line   39   //DEMO_REMOVE
using   System ;
using   System . Collections ;
using   System . Collections . Generic ;
using   System . ComponentModel . DataAnnotations ;
using   System . Data ;
using   System . Data . Linq ;
using   System . Linq ;
using   System . Web ;
namespace   DevExpress . Web . Demos . Mvc   {
     public   static   class   NorthwindDataProvider   {    //数据供应
         const   string   NorthwindDataContextKey   =   "DXNorthwindDataContext" ;   //数据库contextKey
         public   static   NorthwindContext   DB   {   //实例化context方法
             get   {
                 if ( HttpContext . Current . Items [ NorthwindDataContextKey ]   ==   null )
                     HttpContext . Current . Items [ NorthwindDataContextKey ]   =   new   NorthwindContext ( ) ;
                 return   ( NorthwindContext ) HttpContext . Current . Items [ NorthwindDataContextKey ] ;
             }

        }

//思路:定义一个DB的使用方法,定义一个类来配合,在测试

//item--获得一个键/值集合，可用于在system.web之间组织和共享数据。IHttpModule接口和system.web。HTTP请求期间的IHttpHandler接口。

//https://www.cnblogs.com/fish-li/archive/2013/04/06/3002940.html

        static double CalculateAveragePrice(int categoryID) 

{   //计算平均价格,返回double

return (double)(from product in DB.Products where product.CategoryID == categoryID 

select product).Average(s => s.UnitPrice);    //根据分类ID查询数据,并取单价的平均值

         }

        static double CalculateMinPrice(int categoryID) {  //计算最低价格

return (double)(from product in DB.Products where product.CategoryID == categoryID 

select product).Min(s => s.UnitPrice);

         }
         static   double   CalculateMaxPrice ( int   categoryID )   {        //计算最高价格

            return (double)(from product in DB.Products where product.CategoryID == categoryID 

select product).Max(s => s.UnitPrice);

         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetCategories ( )   {                //获得分类
             var   query   =   from   category   in   DB . Categories
                         select   new   {                    //生成一个匿名可枚举数据集
                             CategoryID   =   category . CategoryID ,
                             CategoryName   =   category . CategoryName ,
                             Description   =   category . Description ,
                             Picture   =   category . Picture
                         } ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;    //转换为集合返回给前台
         }
         public   static   Category   GetCategoryByID ( int   categoryID )   {    //根据ID查询出一条分类信息
             return   ( from   category   in   DB . Categories   where   category . CategoryID   ==   categoryID   select   category ) . SingleOrDefault < Category > ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   string   GetCategoryNameById ( int   id )   {
             Category   category   =   GetCategoryByID ( id ) ;
             return   category   !=   null   ?   category . CategoryName   :   null ;  //根据ID查询分类名称,三元表达式判断空值
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetCategoriesNames ( )   {
             return   from   category   in   DB . Categories   select   category . CategoryName ;  //查询所有的分类名称
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetCategoriesAverage ( )   {
      var   query   =   DB . Categories . ToList ( ) . Select ( category   =>   new   { //查询分类的平均价格,组成两个字段的列表返回
                 category . CategoryName ,
                 AvgPrice   =   CalculateAveragePrice ( category . CategoryID )  //这里调用了前面刚定义的方法,学习了
             } ) ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetCategoriesMin ( )   {   //最小值 同上
             var   query   =   DB . Categories . ToList ( ) . Select ( category   =>   new   {
                 category . CategoryName ,
                 AvgPrice   =   CalculateMinPrice ( category . CategoryID )
             } ) ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetCategoriesMax ( )   {        //最大值  同上
             var   query   =   DB . Categories . ToList ( ) . Select ( category   =>   new   {
                 category . CategoryName ,
                 AvgPrice   =   CalculateMaxPrice ( category . CategoryID )
             } ) ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetSuppliers ( )   {        //获取供应商列表
             return   DB . Suppliers . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetCustomers ( )   {        //获取客户所有数据
             return   DB . Customers . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   Customer   GetCustomerByID ( string   customerID )   {    //根据id获取Customer数据的第一行
             return   ( from   customer   in   DB . Customers
                     where   customer . CustomerID   ==   customerID
                     select   new   Customer   {            //注意新的数据放在这个类里面
                         CompanyName   =   customer . CompanyName ,
                         ContactName   =   customer . ContactName ,
                         ContactTitle   =   customer . ContactTitle ,
                         Address   =   customer . Address ,
                         City   =   customer . City ,
                         Country   =   customer . Country ,
                         Fax   =   customer . Fax ,
                         Phone   =   customer . Phone ,
                     } ) . SingleOrDefault ( ) ;                //选择唯一值
         }
         public   static   string   GetFirstCustomerID ( )   {                //获取第一个客户ID
             return   ( from   customer   in   NorthwindDataProvider . DB . Customers
                     select   customer . CustomerID ) . First < string > ( ) ;    //此处的id是string的
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetProducts ( )   {                //获取产品列表
             return   DB . Products . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetProducts ( string   categoryName )   {    //根据分类名称获取产品列表
      var   query   =   from   product   in   DB . Products
             join   category   in   DB . Categories   on   product . CategoryID   equals   category . CategoryID  //合并两张表
             where   category . CategoryName   ==   categoryName    //合并表中的种类名等于参数
             select   product ;                    //选择产品
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetProducts ( int ?   categoryID )   {    //根据种类id获取产品列表
             return   DB . Products . Where ( p   =>   p . CategoryID   ==   categoryID ) . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetEmployees ( )   {      //获取员工总表
             return   DB . Employees . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetEmployeesOrders ( )   {        //获取订单列表
             var   query   =   from   orders   in   DB . Orders
            join   employee   in   DB . Employees   on   orders . EmployeeID   equals   employee . EmployeeID    //合并表
            select   new   EmployeeOrder   {
                             OrderDate   =   orders . OrderDate ,
                             Freight   =   orders . Freight ,
                             LastName   =   employee . LastName ,
                             FirstName   =   employee . FirstName ,
                             Photo   =   employee . Photo ,
                             Id   =   employee . EmployeeID
                         } ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   Binary   GetEmployeePhoto ( string   lastName )   {    //根据名查询图像,返回二进制图像给前台
             return   ( from   employee   in   DB . Employees
                     where   employee . LastName   ==   lastName
                     select   employee . Photo ) . SingleOrDefault ( ) ;    //唯一值
         }
         public   static   Binary   GetEmployeePhoto ( int   employeeId )   {    //根据员工id获取二进制图像
             return   ( from   employee   in   DB . Employees
                     where   employee . EmployeeID   ==   employeeId
                     select   employee . Photo ) . SingleOrDefault ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   string   GetEmployeeNotes ( int   employeeId )   {        //根据员工Id获取注释
             return   ( from   employee   in   DB . Employees
                     where   employee . EmployeeID   ==   employeeId
                     select   employee . Notes ) . Single ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IList < EditableEmployee >   GetEditableEmployees ( )   {   
             const   string   SessionKey   =   "DXDemoEmployees" ;

IList<EditableEmployee> employeesList = HttpContext.Current.Session[SessionKey] as IList<EditableEmployee>;

//从session读取可编辑的员工列表,这行代码最主要的功能是减少查询数据库的次数

             if ( employeesList   ==   null )   {  //如果里面没有内容则赋值
HttpContext . Current . Session [ SessionKey ]   =   employeesList   =   ( from   employee   in   DB . Employees                                              select   new  EditableEmployee   {
               EmployeeID =   employee . EmployeeID ,
               FirstName   = employee . FirstName ,
               LastName   = employee . LastName ,
               Title   = employee . Title ,
               HomePhone   = employee . HomePhone ,
               BirthDate   = employee . BirthDate ,
               HireDate   = employee . HireDate ,
                Notes   = employee . Notes ,
                ReportsTo   = employee . ReportsTo ,
               Photo   = employee . Photo
             } ) . ToList ( ) ;
             }
             return   employeesList ;    //保证了里面有值
         }
         public   static   EditableEmployee   GetEditableEmployeeByID ( int   employeeID )   {

            return GetEditableEmployees().Where(e => e.EmployeeID == employeeID).SingleOrDefault();

            //调用方法,然后根据员工ID筛选出一条记录,使用Session避免多次查询

         }
         public   static   int   GetNewEditableEmployeeID ( )   {   //获取新的可编辑员工表的最后一个id
             IEnumerable < EditableEmployee >   editableEmployees   =   GetEditableEmployees ( ) ;  //获取表

            return (editableEmployees.Count() > 0) ? editableEmployees.Last().EmployeeID + 1 : 0;

                                    //如果这个集合里面有数据,查询出最后一条数据并取id+1就是新的id,否则返回0

         }

        public static void UpdateEditableEmployee(EditableEmployee employee) {  

//更新自定类的列表,参数是前台传过来的赋值后的自定义类

var editableEmployee = GetEditableEmployees().Where(e => e.EmployeeID == employee.EmployeeID).SingleOrDefault();

//查询出员工表根据id筛选出一条记录

            if(editableEmployee == null) 

 //如果为空,直接返回,否则把参数中传过来的值赋给定义的变量editableEmployee,此处有疑问,没有看到写入数据库的方法

                return ;
             editableEmployee . FirstName   =   employee . FirstName ;
             editableEmployee . LastName   =   employee . LastName ;
             editableEmployee . Title   =   employee . Title ;
             editableEmployee . BirthDate   =   employee . BirthDate ;
             editableEmployee . HireDate   =   employee . HireDate ;
             editableEmployee . Notes   =   employee . Notes ;
             editableEmployee . ReportsTo   =   employee . ReportsTo ;
             editableEmployee . HomePhone   =   employee . HomePhone ;
             editableEmployee . Photo   =   employee . Photo ;

        }

         public   static   void   InsertEditableEmployee ( EditableEmployee   employee )   {    //插入一条员工数据
             EditableEmployee   editEmployee   =   new   EditableEmployee ( ) ;
             editEmployee . EmployeeID   =   GetNewEditableEmployeeID ( ) ;
             editEmployee . FirstName   =   employee . FirstName ;
             editEmployee . LastName   =   employee . LastName ;
             editEmployee . BirthDate   =   employee . BirthDate ;
             editEmployee . HireDate   =   employee . HireDate ;
             editEmployee . Title   =   employee . Title ;
             editEmployee . Notes   =   employee . Notes ;
             editEmployee . ReportsTo   =   employee . ReportsTo ;
             editEmployee . Photo   =   employee . Photo ;
             GetEditableEmployees ( ) . Add ( editEmployee ) ;        //此处应该是定义了插入的方法

        }

         public   static   IList < EditableCustomer >   GetEditableCustomers ( )   {    //此处用法与员工表一样
             const   string   SessionKey   =   "DXDemoCustomers" ;
IList < EditableCustomer >   customersList   =   HttpContext . Current . Session [ SessionKey ]   as   IList < EditableCustomer > ;
             if ( customersList   ==   null )   {
HttpContext . Current . Session [ SessionKey ]   =   customersList   =   ( from   customer   in   DB . Customers
select   new  EditableCustomer   {
                CustomerID =   customer . CustomerID ,
                CompanyName =   customer . CompanyName ,
               ContactName =   customer . ContactName ,
                City   = customer . City ,
                Region   = customer . Region ,
                Country   = customer . Country                                                              }
                 ) . ToList ( ) ;
             }
             return   customersList ;

        }

         public   static   EditableCustomer   GetEditableCustomerByID ( string   customerID )   {    //同员工表
             return   GetEditableCustomers ( ) . Where ( c   =>   c . CustomerID . Equals ( customerID ) ) . SingleOrDefault ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   void   UpdateCustomer ( EditableCustomer   customer )   {  //同员工表
             EditableCustomer   editableCustomer   =   GetEditableCustomerByID ( customer . CustomerID ) ;
             if ( editableCustomer   ==   null )
                 return ;
             editableCustomer . CompanyName   =   customer . CompanyName ;
             editableCustomer . ContactName   =   customer . ContactName ;
             editableCustomer . City   =   customer . City ;
             editableCustomer . Country   =   customer . Country ;
             editableCustomer . Region   =   customer . Region ;

        }

         public   static   IEnumerable   GetOrders ( )   {        //订单表
             return   DB . Orders . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetInvoices ( )   {    //获取发票信息

            var query = from invoice in DB.Invoices    

        //invoices是放在视图里面的,在视图中多表连接查询得到一个结果集

            join customer in DB.Customers on invoice.CustomerID equals customer.CustomerID

        //连接顾客表与发票信息

             select   new   Mvc . Invoice ( )   {    //赋值给自定义类
             CompanyName   =   customer . CompanyName ,        //公司名
             City   =   invoice . City ,                //城市
             Region   =   invoice . Region ,            //地区
             Country   =   invoice . Country ,            //国家
             UnitPrice   =   invoice . UnitPrice ,            //单价
             Quantity   =   invoice . Quantity ,            //总价
             Discount   =   invoice . Discount            //折扣
                         } ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetFullInvoices ( )   {            //获取完整的发票信息
             var   query   =   from   invoice   in   DB . Invoices
             join   customer   in   DB . Customers   on   invoice . CustomerID   equals   customer . CustomerID

            join order in DB.Orders on invoice.OrderID equals order.OrderID

            //连接三张表

             select   new   {
         SalesPerson   =   order . Employee . FirstName   +   " "   +   order . Employee . LastName ,    //销售员
                             customer . CompanyName ,            //公司名
                             invoice . Address ,
                             invoice . City ,
                             invoice . Country ,
                             invoice . CustomerName ,
                             invoice . Discount ,
                             invoice . ExtendedPrice ,        //总价
                             invoice . Freight ,          //货运
                             invoice . OrderDate ,        //定单日期
                             invoice . ProductName ,        //产品名称
                             invoice . Quantity ,        //定单数量
                             invoice . Region ,
                             invoice . UnitPrice ,
                         } ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetInvoices ( string   customerID )   {    //根据顾客id获取发票
             return   DB . Invoices . Where ( i   =>   i . CustomerID   ==   customerID ) . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IList < EditableProduct >   GetEditableProducts ( )   {    / /允许编辑产品,这里是查出数据给前台

            IList<EditableProduct> products = (IList<EditableProduct>)HttpContext.Current.Session["Products"];

            //如果Session有值就减少查询,没有就查询后赋值

             if ( products   ==   null )   {
                 products   =   ( from   product   in   DB . Products
                             select   new   EditableProduct   {
                                 ProductID   =   product . ProductID ,
                                 ProductName   =   product . ProductName ,
                                 CategoryID   =   product . CategoryID ,
                                 SupplierID   =   product . SupplierID ,
                                 QuantityPerUnit   =   product . QuantityPerUnit ,
                                 UnitPrice   =   product . UnitPrice ,
                                 UnitsInStock   =   product . UnitsInStock ,
                                 Discontinued   =   product . Discontinued
                             } ) . ToList ( ) ;
                 HttpContext . Current . Session [ "Products" ]   =   products ;
             }
             return   products ;
         }
         public   static   EditableProduct   GetEditableProduct ( int   productID )   {

return (from product in GetEditableProducts() where product.ProductID == productID select product).FirstOrDefault();}

        //根据id查出一条数据

         public   static   int   GetNewEditableProductID ( )   {    //获取最新的产品id
             IEnumerable < EditableProduct >   editableProducts   =   GetEditableProducts ( ) ;
             return   ( editableProducts . Count ( )   >   0 )   ?   editableProducts . Last ( ) . ProductID   +   1   :   0 ;
         }
         public   static   void   DeleteProduct ( int   productID )   {  //根据产品id删除产品信息
             EditableProduct   product   =   GetEditableProduct ( productID ) ;
             if ( product   !=   null )
             GetEditableProducts ( ) . Remove ( product ) ;    //这个地方要根据访问数据库的方式更改
         }
         public   static   void   InsertProduct ( EditableProduct   product )   {
             EditableProduct   editProduct   =   new   EditableProduct ( ) ;
             editProduct . ProductID   =   GetNewEditableProductID ( ) ;
             editProduct . ProductName   =   product . ProductName ;
             editProduct . CategoryID   =   product . CategoryID ;
             editProduct . SupplierID   =   product . SupplierID ;
             editProduct . QuantityPerUnit   =   product . QuantityPerUnit ;
             editProduct . UnitPrice   =   product . UnitPrice ;
             editProduct . UnitsInStock   =   product . UnitsInStock ;
             editProduct . Discontinued   =   product . Discontinued ;
             GetEditableProducts ( ) . Add ( editProduct ) ;            //与员工表的处理方式相同
         }
         public   static   void   UpdateProduct ( EditableProduct   product )   {
             EditableProduct   editProduct   =   GetEditableProduct ( product . ProductID ) ;
             if ( editProduct   !=   null )   {
                 editProduct . ProductName   =   product . ProductName ;
                 editProduct . CategoryID   =   product . CategoryID ;
                 editProduct . SupplierID   =   product . SupplierID ;
                 editProduct . QuantityPerUnit   =   product . QuantityPerUnit ;
                 editProduct . UnitPrice   =   product . UnitPrice ;
                 editProduct . UnitsInStock   =   product . UnitsInStock ;
                 editProduct . Discontinued   =   product . Discontinued ;
             }         //与员工表的处理方式相同
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetEmployeesList ( )   {    //获取员工的姓名称id号,应该是给下拉框准备的
             return   DB . Employees . ToList ( ) . Select ( e   =>   new   {
                 ID   =   e . EmployeeID ,
                 Name   =   e . LastName   +   " "   +   e . FirstName
             } ) ;
         }

        public static int GetFirstEmployeeID() {     

 //获取员工表的第一条id,不明白要做什么,这个值虽然是一个数字,但记录本身是无序的,如果没有排序,有可能会有错误

             return   DB . Employees . First ( ) . EmployeeID ;
         }
         public   static   Employee   GetEmployee ( int   employeeId )   {      //根据ID选择一条记录
             return   DB . Employees . Single ( e   =>   employeeId   ==   e . EmployeeID ) ;        //
         }

        public static IEnumerable GetOrders(int employeeID) {  

 //连接三张表生成一个匿名类转为list给前台,这种方式只能用来展示数据

             var   query   =   from   order   in   DB . Orders
             where   order . EmployeeID   ==   employeeID
             join   order_detail   in   DB . Order_Details   on   order . OrderID   equals   order_detail . OrderID
             join   customer   in   DB . Customers   on   order . CustomerID   equals   customer . CustomerID
             select   new   {
                             order . OrderID ,
                             order . OrderDate ,
                             order . ShipName ,
                             order . ShipCountry ,
                             order . ShipCity ,
                             order . ShipAddress ,
                             order . ShippedDate ,
                             order_detail . Quantity ,
                             order_detail . UnitPrice ,
                             customer . CustomerID ,
                             customer . ContactName ,
                             customer . CompanyName ,
                             customer . City ,
                             customer . Address ,
                             customer . Phone ,
                             customer . Fax
                         } ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetProductReports ( )   {    //销售大类合计表连接发票表,生成一张带有发货时间的表
             var   query   =   from   sale   in   DB . Sales_by_Categories
                         join   invoice   in   DB . Invoices   on   sale . ProductName   equals   invoice . ProductName
                         where   invoice . ShippedDate   !=   null
                         select   new   {
                             sale . CategoryName ,
                             sale . ProductName ,
                             sale . ProductSales ,
                             invoice . ShippedDate ,    //发货时间
                         } ;
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;
         }
         public   static   IEnumerable   GetCustomerReports ( )   {
             var   query   =   from   customer   in   DB . Customers    //顾客表
             join   order   in   DB . Orders   on   customer . CustomerID   equals   order . CustomerID    //订单表
             join   order_detail   in   DB . Order_Details   on   order . OrderID   equals   order_detail . OrderID  //订单详情表
             join   product   in   DB . Products   on   order_detail . ProductID   equals   product . ProductID  //产品表
             select   new   {    //匿名类转列表给前台展示
                     product . ProductName ,        //产品名称
                    customer . CompanyName ,        //公司名称
                    order . OrderDate ,            //订单日期  
ProductAmount   =   ( float ) ( order_detail . UnitPrice   *   order_detail . Quantity )   *   ( 1   -   order_detail . Discount   /   100 )   * 100
                         } ;  //总金额
             return   query . ToList ( ) ;

        }

         public   static   IEnumerable   GetSalesPerson ( )   {    //获得销售员
             return   DB . SalesPersons . ToList ( ) ;
         }
     }
     public   class   EditableProduct   {                //产品类
         public   int   ProductID   {   get ;   set ;   }            
         [ Required ( ErrorMessage   =   "Product Name is required" ) ]     //标记  必需的
         [ StringLength ( 50 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 50 characters" ) ]        //字符串的长度50以内
         public   string   ProductName   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ Required ( ErrorMessage   =   "Category is required" ) ]
         public   int ?   CategoryID   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   int ?   SupplierID   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ StringLength ( 100 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 100 characters" ) ]
         public   string   QuantityPerUnit   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ Range ( 0 ,   10000 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be between 0 and 10000$" ) ]    //范围限制
         public   decimal ?   UnitPrice   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ Range ( 0 ,   1000 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be between 0 and 1000" ) ]
         public   short ?   UnitsInStock   {   get ;   set ;   }
         bool ?   discontinued ;                            //可空类型
         public   bool ?   Discontinued   {            //显示的名字
             get   {
                 return   discontinued ;
             }
             set   {
                 discontinued   =   value   ==   null   ?   false   :   value ;        //注意用法:三元表达式
             }
         }
     }
     public   class   Invoice   {
         public   string   CompanyName   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   string   City   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   string   Region   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   string   Country   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   decimal   UnitPrice   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   short   Quantity   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   float   Discount   {   get ;   set ;   }
     }
     public   class   EditableEmployee   {
         public   int   EmployeeID   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ Required ( ErrorMessage   =   "First Name is required" ) ]
         [ StringLength ( 10 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 10 characters" ) ]
         [ Display ( Name   =   "First Name" ) ]       //前台显示的名称
         public   string   FirstName   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ Required ( ErrorMessage   =   "Last Name is required" ) ]
         [ StringLength ( 20 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 20 characters" ) ]
         [ Display ( Name   =   "Last Name" ) ]
         public   string   LastName   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ StringLength ( 30 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 30 characters" ) ]
         [ Display ( Name   =   "Position" ) ]
         public   string   Title   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ StringLength ( 24 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 24 characters" ) ]
         [ Display ( Name   =   "Home Phone" ) ]
         public   string   HomePhone   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ Display ( Name   =   "Birth Date" ) ]
         public   DateTime ?   BirthDate   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ Display ( Name   =   "Hire Date" ) ]
         public   DateTime ?   HireDate   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   string   Notes   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   int ?   ReportsTo   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   byte [ ]   Photo   {   get ;   set ;   }
     }
     public   class   EditableCustomer   {
         public   string   CustomerID   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ Required ( ErrorMessage   =   "Company Name is required" ) ]
         [ StringLength ( 40 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 40 characters" ) ]
         public   string   CompanyName   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ StringLength ( 30 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 30 characters" ) ]
         public   string   ContactName   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ StringLength ( 15 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 15 characters" ) ]
         public   string   City   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ StringLength ( 15 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 15 characters" ) ]
         public   string   Region   {   get ;   set ;   }
         [ StringLength ( 15 ,   ErrorMessage   =   "Must be under 15 characters" ) ]
         public   string   Country   {   get ;   set ;   }
     }
     public   class   EmployeeOrder   {
         public   DateTime ?   OrderDate   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   decimal ?   Freight   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   decimal ?   Id   {   get ;   set ;   }            //可空的小数类型
         public   string   LastName   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   string   FirstName   {   get ;   set ;   }
         public   byte [ ]   Photo   {   get ;   set ;   }
     }
}