CSU 2088: Pigs can't take a sudden turn(简单的计算几何)

题目链接

Pigs can’t take a sudden turn

Time limit:1000 ms Memory limit:65536 kB

---

Problem Descrpition

You maybe have ACed a question about computational geometry,which describes two dogs’ journey and calculate the shortest distance between them. Now, I provide a easier problem about two pigs. heir path are half-lines. When they start running, they won’t stop. Why? Because they can’t take a sudden turn.

So, I provide the start points of two pigs and their velocities. Please tell me the shortest distance between them.

We purpose that two pigs start running at the same time and will not stop because they are running in an vast grasslane without any tree.

If they smash into each other, the answer is zero and ignore the influence.

Input

The first line is an integer T which indicates the number of cases. For each case, first line is four numbers x1,y1,x2,y2, indicate the start points of two pigs(x1,y1), (x2,y2). The second line is four numbers u1,v1,u2,v2, indicate the velocities of two pigs(u1,v1),(u2,v2). T <= 1000 The absolute value of x1,y1,x2,y2,u1,v1,u2,v2 will not lager than 1000.

Output

For each case, you should output one line like ”Case i: d”. i stands for the case number and d stands for the answer, which should rounded to 6 decimal places.

Sample Input

5
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2

1 1 2 2
1 1 -1 -1

1 1 2 2
0 1 0 -1

1 1 1 1
1 1 2 2

0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0

Sample Output

Case 1: 1.414214
Case 2: 0.000000
Case 3: 1.000000
Case 4: 0.000000
Case 5: 0.707107

---

题意

在二维坐标系上，给出两个点的起始位置和速度（向量表示），求两点最近时的距离

解题思路

由已知条件推出两点坐标与时间的关系：A(x1+v1*t,y1+u1*t),B(x2+v2*t,y2+u2*t)，再用距离公式得到一个距离跟时间的二次函数，然后就是二次函数求最小值的问题了，这里开口必定向上，特判一下a=0也就是速度相等的情况就可以啦

Code

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#define y1 YY
using namespace std;
const double eps=1e-8;
double a,b,c;
double x1,y1,u1,v1;
double x2,y2,u2,v2;
double len(double t)
{
    double ans=a*t*t+b*t+c;
    return sqrt(ans);
}

int main()
{
    int T,ca=1;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--)
    {
        scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
        scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf",&u1,&v1,&u2,&v2);
        c=(x1-x2)*(x1-x2)+(y1-y2)*(y1-y2);
        b=2*(x1-x2)*(u1-u2)+2*(y1-y2)*(v1-v2);
        a=(u1-u2)*(u1-u2)+(v1-v2)*(v1-v2);
        printf("Case %d: ",ca++);
        if(fabs(a)<eps)
        {
            printf("%.6f\n",len(0));
            continue;
        }
        if(-b/(a*2)<0)
        {
            printf("%.6f\n",len(0));
        }
        else
        {
            printf("%.6f\n",len(-b/(a*2)));
        }
    }
    return 0;
}