Spring的AOP可以通过对@AspectJ注解的支持和在XML中配置来实现,本文通过实例简述如何在Spring中使用AspectJ.
一:使用AspectJ注解:
1,启用对AspectJ的支持:
通过在Spring的配置中引入下列元素来启用Spring对AspectJ的支持:
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
或者(如果不是使用XSD的话)
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator" />
2,声明一个带有@Aspect注解的类,在这个类中声明那些方法需要被'关注'(利用@Pointcut),在那些时机点进行关注(利用@Before,@AfterReturning等等...),执行'切入'的方法
3,在Spring的配置文件中定义这个'切面'类:任意带有一个@Aspect切面(拥有@Aspect注解)的bean都将被Spring自动识别并用于配置在Spring AOP.
4,使用被Spring管理的bean,在执行被'关注'的方法时,'切入'的方法就会被执行.
一个完整的例子:
需要被'切入'的类:
public class Monkey { public void stealPeaches(String name) { System.out.println(" Monkey " + name + " is stealling peaches..."); } public void stealCorns(String name) { System.out.println(" Monkey " + name + " is stealling corns..."); } }
'切面'类:
@Aspect public class Guardian { @Pointcut("execution(* com.test.spring.aspectj.Monkey.stealPeaches(..))") public void guardOrchard() { } @Before(value = "guardOrchard()") public void guardOrchardBefore() { System.out.println("Guardian spotted a monkey is approaching the orchard..."); } @AfterReturning("guardOrchard() && args(name,..)") public void guardOrchardAfter(String name) { System.out.println("Guardian caught a monkey stealling peaches whoes name is " + name + "..."); } @Around("guardOrchard() && args(name,..)") public void guardOrchardAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinpoint,String name) { System.out.println("Guardian guardOrchardAround started ... " + name); try {
joinpoint.proceed(); } catch (Throwable e) { System.out.println("Guardian guardOrchardAround exception happened ... " + name); }
System.out.println("Guardian guardOrchardAround completed ... " + name); }
@Pointcut("execution(* com.test.spring.aspectj.Monkey.stealCorns(..))") public void guardFarm() { } @Before(value = "guardFarm()") public void guardFarmBefore() { System.out.println("Guardian spotted a monkey is approaching the farm..."); } @AfterReturning("guardFarm() && args(name,..)") public void guardFarmAfter(String name) { System.out.println("Guardian caught a monkey stealling corns whoes name is " + name + "..."); } }
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"> <!-- <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> equals to <bean class="org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator" /> --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <bean id="guardian" class="com.test.spring.aspectj.Guardian" /> <bean id="monkey" class="com.test.spring.aspectj.Monkey" /> </beans>
使用bean:
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("conf/aspectJAppcontext.xml"); Monkey monkey = (Monkey) context.getBean("monkey"); try { monkey.stealPeaches("mighty monkey"); monkey.stealCorns("mighty monkey"); } catch (Exception e) { }
运行结果:
Guardian spotted a monkey is approaching the orchard...
Guardian guardOrchardAround started ... mighty monkey
Monkey mighty monkey is stealling peaches...
Guardian caught a monkey stealling peaches whoes name is mighty monkey...
Guardian guardOrchardAround completed ... mighty monkey
Guardian spotted a monkey is approaching the farm...
Monkey mighty monkey is stealling corns...
Guardian caught a monkey stealling corns whoes name is mighty monkey...
二:通过XML配置AspectJ实现AOP:在java类中定义要被'方面'调用的切入方法,在XML中配置.
例子:被'切入'的类,普通java类:
public class Monkey { public void stealPeaches(String name) { System.out.println(" Monkey " + name + " is stealling peaches..."); } public void stealCorns(String name,int numberToSteal) { System.out.println(" Monkey " + name + " is stealling corns..."); } }
定义要被'方面'调用的切入方法的类:
public class XMLGuardian { public void guardOrchardBefore() { System.out.println("XMLGuardian spotted a monkey is approaching the orchard..."); } public void guardOrchardAfter() { System.out.println("XMLGuardian caught a monkey stealling peaches whoes name is ..."); } public void guardFarmBefore() { System.out.println("XMLGuardian spotted a monkey is approaching the farm..."); } public void guardFarmAfter(String name,int num,Object retVal) { System.out.println("XMLGuardian caught a monkey stealling " + num + " corns whoes name is ..." + name ); } }
XML配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="guardian" class="com.test.spring.aspectj.XMLGuardian" /> <bean id="monkey" class="com.test.spring.aspectj.Monkey" /> <aop:config> <aop:aspect id="myAspect" ref="guardian"> <aop:pointcut id="guardOrchard" expression="execution(* com.test.spring.aspectj.Monkey.stealPeaches(..))" /> <aop:before pointcut-ref="guardOrchard" method="guardOrchardBefore" /> <aop:after-returning pointcut-ref="guardOrchard" method="guardOrchardAfter"/> <aop:pointcut id="guardFarm" expression="execution(* com.test.spring.aspectj.Monkey.stealCorns(..))" /> <aop:before pointcut-ref="guardFarm" method="guardFarmBefore" /> <aop:after-returning pointcut="execution(* com.test.spring.aspectj.Monkey.stealCorns(..)) and args(name,num,..)" returning="retVal" method="guardFarmAfter" /> <!-- arg-names="name1" --> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
客户端测试代码:
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("conf/xmlaspectJAppcontext.xml"); Monkey monkey = (Monkey) context.getBean("monkey"); try { monkey.stealPeaches("mighty monkey"); monkey.stealCorns("mighty monkey",3); } catch (Exception e) { }
运行结果:
XMLGuardian spotted a monkey is approaching the orchard...
Monkey mighty monkey is stealling peaches...
XMLGuardian caught a monkey stealling peaches whoes name is ...
XMLGuardian spotted a monkey is approaching the farm...
Monkey mighty monkey is stealling corns...
XMLGuardian caught a monkey stealling 3 corns whoes name is ...mighty monkey
Spring AOP 只支持对bean的方法级的'切入',而且AOP的内部机制和AspectJ有所区别,Spring主要是通过动态代理来实现AOP,使用JDK的动态代理(如果被代理的bean是interface的话)或者CGLIB(如果如果被代理的bean不是interface的话).