Spring学习01
IOC
- 控制翻转,之前的对象的创建,管理是由程序来控制的,现在对象由Spring来创建、管理和装配
hellospring
- 编写类
public class User {
String str;
public String getStr() {
return str;
}
public void setStr(String str) {
this.str = str;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"str='" + str + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- 编写xml配置文件来通过spring来创建对象
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user1" class="com.xu.pojo.User">
<property name="str" value="Hello Spring!"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试
public class getObjetBySpring {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
User user=(User) context.getBean("user1");
System.out.println(user.getStr());
}
}
IOC创建对象的方式
- 默认使用无参构造,以下这种配置方式使用的就是无参构造,如果写了有参构造这种配置方式就报错了
<bean id="user1" class="com.xu.pojo.User">
<property name="str" value="Hello Spring!"/>
</bean>
- 有参构造的配置方式,有好几种,一般推荐如下这种
<bean id="user1" class="com.xu.pojo.User">
<constructor-arg name="str" value="helloSpring!"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
//另外一种
<bean id="user1" class="com.xu.pojo.User">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="HelloSpring!"/>
</bean>
spring配置
- 别名,有两种方式,一种如下,一种是在bean里面配置
<alias name="user1" alias="user"></alias>
- bean配置
<bean id="user1" class="com.xu.pojo.User" name="userNew"> //此处的name就是别名
<constructor-arg index="0" value="HelloSpring!"/>
</bean>
- import–用来多人合作,将多人的beans.xml合在一起
DI依赖注入
- 本质就是怎么给类里面各种类型的对象赋值
- 创建Adress类
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
- 创建student类
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String,String> card;
private Set<String> games;
private String wife;
private Properties info;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public List<String> getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public Map<String, String> getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
this.card = card;
}
public Set<String> getGames() {
return games;
}
public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
this.games = games;
}
public String getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(String wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
public Properties getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(Properties info) {
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
", hobbies=" + hobbies +
", card=" + card +
", games=" + games +
", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
", info=" + info +
'}';
}
}
- 配置beans.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean name="studentAddress" class="com.xu.pojo.Address">
<property name="address" value="浙江省杭州市"/>
</bean>
<bean name="student" class="com.xu.pojo.Student">
<!--普通类型注入-->
<property name="name" value="xpc"/>
<!--bean类型注入,前提是studentAddress已经注入好了-->
<property name="address" ref="studentAddress"/>
<!--数组类型-->
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>水浒传</value>
<value>三国演义</value>
<value>红楼梦</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--list-->
<property name="hobbies">
<list>
<value>篮球</value>
<value>足球</value>
<value>乒乓球</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--map,特殊-->
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="身份证" value="12312321"/>
<entry key="校园卡" value="12312312"/>
</map>
</property>
<!--set-->
<property name="games">
<set>
<value>王者荣耀</value>
<value>英雄联盟</value>
</set>
</property>
<!--空值null-->
<property name="wife">
<null></null>
</property>
<!--Properties-->
<property name="info">
<props>
<prop key="driver">com.mysql.jdbc.driver</prop>
<prop key="url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?</prop>
<prop key="username">root</prop>
<prop key="password">123456</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试
public class DITest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Student student=(Student) context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(student);
}
}
- 测试结果
Student{
name='xpc',
address=Address{address='浙江省杭州市'},
books=[水浒传, 三国演义, 红楼梦],
hobbies=[篮球, 足球, 乒乓球],
card={身份证=12312321, 校园卡=12312312},
games=[王者荣耀, 英雄联盟], wife='null',
info={password=123456, url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?, driver=com.mysql.jdbc.driver, username=root}}
拓展方式注入
- p命名空间和c命名空间注入
- p命名空间对应简化的是无参构造注入
- c命名空间对应的是有参构造注入
- 无参构造,使用p命名空间
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" //注意引入这句话
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean name="user" class="com.xu.pojo.User" p:name="xpc" p:age="18"></bean>
</beans>
- 有参构造,使用c命名空间
- 无参构造和有参构造都有的时候可以都用
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" //p命名空间
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" //c命名空间
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean name="user" class="com.xu.pojo.User" c:name="xpc" c:age="18"></bean>
<bean name="user2" class="com.xu.pojo.User" p:name="gh" p:age="19"></bean>
</beans>
bean的作用域
//spring默认为单例,在此模式下,每次从容器中获得的对象都是同一个
<bean name="user" class="com.xu.pojo.User" c:name="xpc" c:age="18" scope="singleton"></bean>
//测试
public class DITest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbean.xml");
User user=context.getBean("user",User.class);
User user2 = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user.hashCode());
System.out.println(user2.hashCode());
System.out.println(user==user2);
}
}
//测试结果
1651855867
1651855867
true
- 也可设置为原型模式
//scope代表的就是作用域
<bean name="user" class="com.xu.pojo.User" c:name="xpc" c:age="18" scope="prototype"></bean>
//测试结果
1539805781
1206883981
false
bean的自动装配
三种方式:
-
在xml中显式装配
-
用java 显式装配
-
隐式自动装配【重要】
- 使用byName,去容器里面找
- byName的限制–byName自动装配是根据setxxx方法中的xxx命名,而且要小写,例如setCat
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean name="dog" class="com.xu.pojo.Dog"/> <bean name="cat" class="com.xu.pojo.Cat"/> //只要要装配的bean的name和person的set方法后面的是一样的即可 //此处因为方法是setDog和setCat所以可以自动装配 <bean name="person" class="com.xu.pojo.Person" autowire="byName"> <property name="name" value="xpc"></property> </bean> </beans>
- 使用byType,只需要对象属性和容器里面的对象类型一致就可以自动装配-------person 里面的对象类型是Dog和Cat,容器里面的bean也是Dog和Cat
//连name 都不用写 <bean class="com.xu.pojo.Dog"/> <bean class="com.xu.pojo.Cat"/> <bean name="person" class="com.xu.pojo.Person" autowire="byType"> <property name="name" value="xpc"></property> </bean>