基于Java NIO的Socket通信

Java NIO模式的Socket通信，是一种同步非阻塞IO设计模式，它为Reactor模式实现提供了基础。

下面看看，Java实现的一个服务端和客户端通信的例子。

NIO模式的基本原理描述如下：

服务端打开一个通道（ServerSocketChannel），并向通道中注册一个选择器（Selector），这个选择器是与一些感兴趣的操作的标识（SelectionKey，即通过这个标识可以定位到具体的操作，从而进行响应的处理）相关联的，然后基于选择器（Selector）轮询通道（ServerSocketChannel）上注册的事件，并进行相应的处理。

客户端在请求与服务端通信时，也可以向服务器端一样注册（比服务端少了一个SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT操作集合），并通过轮询来处理指定的事件，而不必阻塞。

下面的例子，主要以服务端为例，而客户端只是简单地发送请求数据和读响应数据。

服务端实现，代码如下所示：

    package org.shirdrn.java.communications.nio;  

    import java.io.IOException;  
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;  
    import java.nio.ByteBuffer;  
    import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;  
    import java.nio.channels.Selector;  
    import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;  
    import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;  
    import java.util.Iterator;  
    import java.util.Set;  
    import java.util.logging.Logger;  

    /** 
     * NIO服务端 
     *  
     * @author shirdrn 
     */  
    public class NioTcpServer extends Thread {  

        private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(NioTcpServer.class.getName());  
        private InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress;  
        private Handler handler = new ServerHandler();  

        public NioTcpServer(String hostname, int port) {  
            inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(hostname, port);  
        }  

        @Override  
        public void run() {  
            try {  
                Selector selector = Selector.open(); // 打开选择器  
                ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open(); // 打开通道  
                serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 非阻塞  
                serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(inetSocketAddress);  
                serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); // 向通道注册选择器和对应事件标识  
                log.info("Server: socket server started.");  
                while(true) { // 轮询  
                    int nKeys = selector.select();  
                    if(nKeys>0) {  
                        Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();  
                        Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectedKeys.iterator();  
                        while(it.hasNext()) {  
                            SelectionKey key = it.next();  
                            if(key.isAcceptable()) {  
                                log.info("Server: SelectionKey is acceptable.");  
                                handler.handleAccept(key);  
                            } else if(key.isReadable()) {  
                                log.info("Server: SelectionKey is readable.");  
                                handler.handleRead(key);  
                            } else if(key.isWritable()) {  
                                log.info("Server: SelectionKey is writable.");  
                                handler.handleWrite(key);  
                            }  
                            it.remove();  
                        }  
                    }  
                }  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  

        /** 
         * 简单处理器接口 
         *  
         * @author shirdrn 
         */  
        interface Handler {  
            /** 
             * 处理{@link SelectionKey#OP_ACCEPT}事件 
             * @param key  
             * @throws IOException 
             */  
            void handleAccept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException;  
            /** 
             * 处理{@link SelectionKey#OP_READ}事件 
             * @param key  
             * @throws IOException 
             */  
            void handleRead(SelectionKey key) throws IOException;  
            /** 
             * 处理{@link SelectionKey#OP_WRITE}事件 
             * @param key  
             * @throws IOException 
             */  
            void handleWrite(SelectionKey key) throws IOException;  
        }  

        /** 
         * 服务端事件处理实现类 
         *  
         * @author shirdrn 
         */  
        class ServerHandler implements Handler {  

            @Override  
            public void handleAccept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {  
                ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = (ServerSocketChannel)key.channel();  
                SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();  
                log.info("Server: accept client socket " + socketChannel);  
                socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);  
                socketChannel.register(key.selector(), SelectionKey.OP_READ);  
            }  

            @Override  
            public void handleRead(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {  
                ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(512);  
                SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)key.channel();  
                while(true) {  
                    int readBytes = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);  
                    if(readBytes>0) {  
                        log.info("Server: readBytes = " + readBytes);  
                        log.info("Server: data = " + new String(byteBuffer.array(), 0, readBytes));  
                        byteBuffer.flip();  
                        socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);  
                        break;  
                    }  
                }  
                socketChannel.close();  
            }  

            @Override  
            public void handleWrite(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {  
                ByteBuffer byteBuffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();  
                byteBuffer.flip();  
                SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)key.channel();  
                socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);  
                if(byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {  
                    key.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);  
                }  
                byteBuffer.compact();  
            }  
        }  

        public static void main(String[] args) {  
            NioTcpServer server = new NioTcpServer("localhost", 1000);  
            server.start();  
        }  
    }  

客户端实现，代码如下所示：

import java.io.IOException;  
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;  
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;  
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;  
import java.util.logging.Logger;  

/** 
 * NIO客户端 
 *  
 * @author shirdrn 
 */  
public class NioTcpClient {  

    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(NioTcpClient.class.getName());  
    private InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress;  

    public NioTcpClient(String hostname, int port) {  
        inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(hostname, port);  
    }  

    /** 
     * 发送请求数据 
     * @param requestData 
     */  
    public void send(String requestData) {  
        try {  
            SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(inetSocketAddress);  
            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);  
            ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(512);  
            socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(requestData.getBytes()));  
            while (true) {  
                byteBuffer.clear();  
                int readBytes = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);  
                if (readBytes > 0) {  
                    byteBuffer.flip();  
                    log.info("Client: readBytes = " + readBytes);  
                    log.info("Client: data = " + new String(byteBuffer.array(), 0, readBytes));  
                    socketChannel.close();  
                    break;  
                }  
            }  

        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  

    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        String hostname = "localhost";  
        String requestData = "Actions speak louder than words!";  
        int port = 1000;  
        new NioTcpClient(hostname, port).send(requestData);  
    }  
}