Scala模式匹配

Scala模式匹配

• match语句
• case类

模式匹配的实例（Char）：

import scala.io.StdIn._
object TestMatch {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    println("Please input the score:")
    val grade=readChar()
    grade match {
      case'A'=>println("85-100")
      case'B'=>println("70-84")
      case'C'=>println("60-69")
      case'D'=>println("<60")
      case _=>println("error input!")
    }
  }
}

模式匹配的实例（Line）：

import scala.io.StdIn.readChar
object TestMatch2 {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    println("Please input the score:")
    val country=readLine()
    country match {
      case "China"=>println("中国")
      case "America"=>println("美国")
      case "Japan"=>println("日本")
      case _=>println("我不认识！")
    }
  }
}

模式匹配的实例（所有值匹配）：

object TestMatch3 {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    for (elem <- List(6, 9, 0.618, "Spark", "Hadoop", 'Hello)) {
      val str = elem match {
        case i: Int => i + "is an int value." //匹配整形的值，并赋值给i
        case d: Double => d + "is a double value." //匹配浮点型的值
        case "Spark" => "Spark is found." //匹配特定的字符串
        case s: String => s + "is a string value." //匹配其它字符串
        case _ => "unexpected value: " + elem //与以上都不匹配
      }
      println(str)
    }
  }
}

out：

6is an int value.
9is an int value.
0.618is a double value.
Spark is found.
Hadoopis a string value.
unexpected value: 'Hello

match语句支持case中添加守卫（guard）:

object TestMatch4 {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    for (elem <- List(1, 2, 3, 4)) {
      elem match {
        case _ if (elem % 2 == 0) => println(elem + " is even.")
        case _ => println(elem + " is odd.")
      }
    }
  }
}

out：

1 is odd.
2 is even.
3 is odd.
4 is even.

apply和unapply自动生成调用：

case class Car5(brand: String, price: Int)
object Car5_t {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val myBYDCar = Car5("BYD", 89000)
    val myBMWCar = Car5("BMW", 1200000)
    val myBenzCar = Car5("Benz", 1500000)
    for (car <- List(myBYDCar, myBMWCar, myBenzCar)) {
      car match {
        case Car5("BYD", 89000) => println("Hello,BYD!")
        case Car5("BMW", 1200000) => println("Hello,BMW!")
        case Car5(brand, price) => println("Brand:" + brand + ",Price:" + price + ",do you want it?")
      }
    }
  }
}

out：

Hello,BYD!
Hello,BMW!
Brand:Benz,Price:1500000,do you want it?

以上代码相当于自动生成了如下内容

  def apply(brand: String, price: Int) = new Car5(brand, price)
  def unapply(c: Car5): Option[(String, Int)] = Some((c.brand, c.price))