原文地址:http://log-cd.iteye.com/blog/562056
在Java 语言中,从织入切面的方式上来看,存在三种织入方式:编译期织入、类加载期织入和运行期织入。编译期织入是指在Java编译期,采用特殊的编译器,将切面织入到Java类中;而类加载期织入则指通过特殊的类加载器,在类字节码加载到JVM时,织入切面;运行期织入则是采用CGLib工具或JDK动态代理进行切面的织入。
AspectJ采用编译期织入和类加载期织入的方式织入切面,是语言级的AOP实现,提供了完备的AOP支持。它用AspectJ语言定义切面,在编译期或类加载期将切面织入到Java类中。
AspectJ提供了两种切面织入方式,第一种通过特殊编译器,在编译期,将AspectJ语言编写的切面类织入到Java类中,可以通过一个Ant或Maven任务来完成这个操作;第二种方式是类加载期织入,也简称为LTW(Load Time Weaving)。
使用AspectJ LTW有两个主要步骤,第一,通过JVM的-javaagent参数设置LTW的织入器类包,以代理JVM默认的类加载器;第二,LTW织入器需要一个 aop.xml文件,在该文件中指定切面类和需要进行切面织入的目标类。
设置-javaagent JVM参数的方法:
(1)在Eclipse下的设置:
运行类->右键单击->Run As->Run...,可以在弹出的Run设置窗口设置该类的各项运行属性,切换到Arguments Tab页,在VM arguments中通过-javaagent指定AspectJ 织入器类包。-javaagent:E:\workspace\lib\spring2.5\aspectjweaver.jar
(2)在Tomcat下的设置
打开<Tomcat_Home>\bin\catalina.bat,在该批处理文件头部添加以下的设置:
set JAVA_OPTS=-javaagent:E:\workspace\lib\spring2.5\aspectjweaver.jar
一、配置LTW织入器的aop.xml配置文件
LTW织入器在工作时,首先会查找类路径下META-INF /aop.xml的配置文件,并根据配置文件的设置进行织入的操作。
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <aspectj>
- <aspects>
- <!-- ①切面类 -->
- <aspect name="quickstart.aspectj.Monitor" />
- </aspects>
- <weaver
- options="-showWeaveInfo -XmessageHandlerClass:org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJWeaverMessageHandler">
- <!-- ② 指定需要进行织入操作的目标类范围 -->
- <include within="quickstart.service..*" />
- </weaver>
- </aspectj>
二、切面织入的目标类和切面实例
- package quickstart.service.impl;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
- import quickstart.dao.PersonDao;
- import quickstart.model.Person;
- import quickstart.service.PeopleService;
- public class PeopleServiceImpl implements PeopleService{
- //通过类型(byType为默认)的自动连接可能会有多个候选,
- //通过使用@Qualifier注解,使用名称(byName)来限定
- @Autowired
- @Qualifier("personDao")
- private PersonDao personDao;
- @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
- public void savePerson(Person person) {
- personDao.save(person);
- }
- @Transactional(readOnly = true, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
- public Person findPersonById(Integer id) {
- return personDao.findById(id);
- }
- @Transactional(readOnly = true, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
- public List findPersonByJPQL(String jpql){
- return personDao.findByJPQL(jpql);
- }
- package quickstart.aspectj;
- import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
- @Aspect
- public class Monitor {
- @Pointcut("execution(* quickstart.service.impl.*.*(..))")
- public void anyService(){}
- @Before("quickstart.aspectj.Monitor.anyService()")
- public void log(JoinPoint joinPoint){
- System.out.println("Service Method " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + " Invocation!");
- }
- }
三、Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd">
- <!-- 需要指定factory-method="aspectOf"属性,以便确保Spring从AspectJ获取切面实例,而非自己创建该实例。 -->
- <bean id="momitor" class="quickstart.aspectj.Monitor" factory-method="aspectOf"/>
- <!-- 自动装配注解Bean后置处理器 -->
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
- <!-- JPA注解Bean后置处理器 -->
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
- <!-- 利用Spring的实体管理器工厂来创建JPA实体管理器 -->
- <bean id="entityManagerFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
- <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
- <property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
- <property name="showSql" value="true" />
- <!-- <property name="generateDdl" value="true" /> -->
- </bean>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="dataSource"
- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
- <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
- <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8" />
- <property name="username" value="root" />
- <property name="password" value="root" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 声明一个Spring提供的JPA事务管理器,传入的参数是Spring中的实体管理器工厂 -->
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
- <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 开启Spring提供的基于注解的声明式事务管理 -->
- <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
- <!-- 直接使用Spring的 JpaTemplate -->
- <bean id="jpaTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTemplate">
- <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
- </bean>
- <bean id="personDao" class="quickstart.dao.impl.PersonDaoImpl" autowire="byName"/>
- <bean id="peopleService" class="quickstart.service.impl.PeopleServiceImpl"/>
- </beans>
四、测试
- package logcd.test;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.junit.BeforeClass;
- import org.junit.Ignore;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- import quickstart.model.Address;
- import quickstart.model.Person;
- import quickstart.service.PeopleService;
- public class JpaServiceTest {
- private static ApplicationContext appContext;
- private static PeopleService peopleService;
- @BeforeClass
- public static void Init(){
- appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
- peopleService = (PeopleService)appContext.getBean("peopleService");
- }
- @Test
- public void findById(){
- Person person = peopleService.findPersonById(new Integer(2));
- System.out.println(person.getFirstName()+person.getLastName());
- //System.out.println(person.getAddress().getStreetName());
- }
- @Test
- public void findByJPQL(){
- StringBuilder jpql = new StringBuilder();
- jpql.append(" FROM Person p JOIN FETCH p.address");
- List list = peopleService.findPersonByJPQL(jpql.toString());
- for(Object obj : list){
- Person person = (Person)obj;
- System.out.println(person.getFirstName() + person.getLastName());
- System.out.println(person.getAddress().getStreetName());
- }
- }
- }